EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220101337627
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 5LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Two major mechanisms which govern the evolution are genetic drift and natural selection. Natural selection can be defined as the process by which genetic characters increase the chances of survival and reproduction of an organism.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Based on the cladogram in Figure 1, which of the following conclusions about the evolution of the anole
species is most reasonable?
·A. carolinensis
A. stratulus
A. evermanni
A. cristatellus
A. gundlachi
A. sagrei
A. valencienni
A. lineatopus
Figure 1. Cladogram of some anole species
Natural selection acts upon ____________________________, evolution upon _______________________________.
What is the gene pool and how does natural selection act upon it?
If a version of a gene confers an advantage to survival and reproduction, that version of the gene will be favored by natural selection and we can expect the frequency of that gene to ______________________ within the population over time.
Versions of the gene that do not confer an advantage (or confer a disadvantage) should become _______________ prevalent .
This generation to generation change in the gene pool is called ________________________.
Changes to the genetic makeup of a population and the individuals within it can arise via two mechanisms. List and describe both. Both of these processes are ________________________________.
Once created, new combinations of genes will be acted upon by _________new alleles_______________________.
How is Darwinian “fitness” different than the typical definition used in…
Which of the following statements explains genetic variation? Genetic variation arises ____.
When organisms need to change to survive in a new environment.
From environmental changes that affect organisms.
Through mutation and sexual reproduction.
From traits acquired during the lifetime of an organism.
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- The concept of evolution has always been connected with some notion of progress–natural selection pushing populations toward better and better adaptations to create "perfect organisms." How would you argue that evolution does not craft perfect organisms?arrow_forwardScientists often talk about the evidence for evolution. Using the five types of evidence listed here, explain how each suggests the occurrence of evolution: 1) structural homologies, 2) molecular homologies, 3) developmental homologies, 4) fossils (general) and 5) transition fossils.arrow_forwardCharles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any other taxonomic level, is supported by all of the following observational failures except: the inability of a sexually-reproducing eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a cloning species lacking biparental reproduction to interbreed with a different species the inability of an asexual eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of an extinct species (like a dinosaur) to interbreed with a different species the inability of a prokaryotic species to interbreed with a different species.arrow_forward
- Charles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any other taxonomic level, is supported by all of the following observational failures except: the inability of a cloning species lacking biparental reproduction to interbreed with a different species the inability of an asexual eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a sexually-reproducing eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a prokaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of an extinct species (like a dinosaur) to interbreed with a different speciesarrow_forwardEvolution is a process of___ in a population through___ variation over___ Evolution involves___ and___.arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution is most accurately described as... Just an opinion that some scientists hold about how living things change over time. An educated guess about how species originate. An idea about how acquired characteristics are passed on to subsequent generations. One possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence. An overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time.arrow_forward
- Write short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements:(a) Natural selection chooses from among the individuals in a populationthose most suited to current environmental conditions. It does not guarantee survival under future conditions.(b) Individuals do not evolve, but populations do.(c) The organisms that exist today do so because their ancestors had traits that allowed them and their offspring to thrive.(d) At the molecular level, evolution can take place by the replacement of one nucleotide by another.(e) Evolution is said to have occurred within a population when measurable genetic changes are detected.arrow_forwardln three to five sentences, construct an argument for the claim that natural selection leads to evolution. Provide evidence for this claim, and be sure to explain how an organism shows the four parts of the process of natural selection. You may use any organism with the exception of bacteria and antibiotic resistance.arrow_forwardFind two examples in the media (internet, TV, etc.) of someone (organization, etc.) erroneously portraying Darwinian evolution using a Lamarckian approach. For both, provide the following: Its origin How are they misrepresenting Darwinian evolution? How do you know they're talking about Lamarckian evolution, not Darwinian?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that contributes to evolution by producing and redistributing genetic variation (or contributes to microevolution as calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)? Group of answer choices Acclimatization Gene flow Genetic drift Recombination Mutationarrow_forward. The Process of Evolution by Natural Selection – Be able to explain the process of evolution by natural selection as it applies to a specific living thing using the outline below: Natural variations caused by random mutations (adaptations) in DNA exist within populations. Those with helpful adaptations survive an environmental change (maybe a predator.) The survivors breed, passing on the inherited mutation (adaptation) to offspring. The resulting population has more of the successful inherited mutation (adaptation) than the original population. Phylogenetic Trees Infer evolutionary relationships of living things by interpreting phylogenetic trees. Know the divisions of hierarchical classification. (DKPCOFGS) c. Differentiate between homologous and analogous (caused by convergent evolution) structuresarrow_forwardONE OF THE STATEMENTS OF EVOLUTION THEORY OF CH. DARVIN IS Select one: adaptations of organisms have relative nature all species are adapted to different conditions of existence adaptations of organisms have absolute nature all species originated by means artificial selectionarrow_forward
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