EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220101337627
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 1AAATB
Summary Introduction
To investigate:
The two wolf populations in Alaska and northern Great Lakes can be considered different species. The information required to examine this.
Introduction:
When the environment creates an outside barrier to reproduction, such as a mountain range or river, it is known as reproductive isolation. A genealogical species can be defined as a base group of organisms whose members are associated more closely to each other than to outside organisms. These do not contain any outside group.
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The red wolf (Canis rufus) was once widespread in the southeastern United States but was declared to be extinct in the wild. Biologists bred captive red wolf individuals and reintroduced them into areas of eastern North Carolina, where they are federally protected as endangered species. The current wild population is estimated to be about 100 individuals. However, a new threat to red wolves has arisen: hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans), which have become more numerous in the areas inhabited by red wolves. Although red wolves and coyotes differ in morphology and DNA, they are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Social behavior is the main reproductive barrier between the species and is more easily overcome when same-species mates are rare. For this reason, some people think that the endangered status of the red wolf should be withdrawn and resources should not be spent to protect what is not a “pure” species. Do you agree? Why or why not?
There are six species of animals in an area at the end of Thunder Bay. The area is wooded land covering rolling hills with two small rivers. Most of the area is surrounded by farm land where people have sheep and cows. There are three roads in the area, one of which leads to an expanding subdivision.
a) Chose the species you believe to be most likely to become endangered and the species you believe to be least likely to become endangered. Compare and contrast these two species to explain your decision
b) Which two species do you think would be most likely to exhibit a competitive relationship?
c) Explain two density-dependent factors that may affect population P in this area
d) Explain two density-independent factors that may affect population P in this area
In 1995, a population of 31 gray wolves was introduced into Yellowstone National Park. The population of the gray wolves fluctuated in the 20-year period after introduction. In 2019 an estimated 80-110 wolves are present in the park.
Wolves, elk, and bison are native to Yellowstone, but the wolves disappeared in the 1920s due to excessive hunting. Wolves are primarily carnivores, and elk and bison are primarily herbivores.
A team of scientists monitored the population of wolves in Yellowstone for the first 20 years after their release.
Number of Individuals
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Number of Individuals
Figure 1. Number of Wolves
in Yellowstone After Release
The scientists also monitored the populations of elk and bison in Yellowstone for the first 20 years after the wolves' release.
Figure 2. Number of Elk
and Bison in Yellowstone
After Wolf Release
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
Number of Elk Calves
per 100 Adult Females
40
30
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16…
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