Chapter 12, Problem 1QC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The conditions that affect the reaction rates are to be written.

Concept Introduction:

The chemical reactions reach a state of equilibrium when they do not undergo completion. In this state of equilibrium, the concentration of reactants and products is not changed. Every reaction occurring in this universe is following a particular pace. This particular rate at which the reaction occurs is known as the rate of reaction.

Explanation of Solution

A reaction takes place under different conditions at different rates.

As the concentration of reactants increases, there is an increase in the number of molecules of reactants per unit volume. The number of molecules is closer to each other and they collide effectively. Thus, with the increase in the rate of collision, the rate of reaction increases.

As the surface area increases, there is a more exposed area for effective collision. Hence, there is an increase in effective collisions and thereby, the reaction rate.

As the temperature increases, there is an increase in the velocity of molecules. Hence, the kinetic energy increases. Hence, the rate of reaction increases.

The addition of catalyst helps in orienting the reactants, so the chemical reaction occurs. Thus, it increases the effective collision and the rate of reaction increases by following a lower energy pathway with lower activation energy.

Therefore, reactant concentration, surface area, temperature, and catalyst are the conditions that affect the rate of reaction.

Conclusion

The conditions that affect the rate of reaction are temperature, reactant concentration, surface area, and catalyst.