Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (5th Edition)
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321922212
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 1LTB
Summary Introduction

To describe:

The process of speciation.

Introduction:

The speciation is the process, through which the different species have evolved from a single ancestor. The speciation occurs when the organism genetic composition is changed according to the environment, they are living in.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

For the process of speciation, there should be a change in the environment of the members of a single species. The main factor, which can be use to detect the occurrence of the speciation involves the reproductive incompatibility from the previous species.

The three steps of speciation are given below:

1. Divergence: in this step, members of a single species are diverged into different groups. Some of the gene pool of the population become isolated from each other.

2. Evolution of new traits: depending on the environment, the separated gene pool evolves certain characters, which make them genetically different from the species they have evolved.

3. Reproductive incompatibility: due to the changes in the genetic composition, the species cannot mate with the members of the species, from which it has evolved.

Conclusion

The three steps of speciation are, divergence of the members, adaptation and evolution according to the new environment and evolution of reproductive incompatibility.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…
Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:
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