Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134110684
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus)
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 1EAP
A high-speed drill reaches 2000 rpm in 0.50 s.
a. What is the drills
b. Through how many revolutions does it turn during this first 0.50 s?
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
coordinate transformation.
[5 marks]
(b)…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CQCh. 12 - If the angular velocity w is held constant, by...Ch. 12 - FIGURE Q12.3 shows three rotating disks, all of...Ch. 12 - 4. Must an object be rotating to have a moment of...Ch. 12 - 5. The moment of inertia of a uniform rod about an...Ch. 12 - 6. You have two solid steel spheres. Sphere 2 has...Ch. 12 - The professor hands you two spheres. They have the...Ch. 12 - Six forces are applied to the door in FIGURE...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CQCh. 12 - Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the...
Ch. 12 - The solid cylinder and cylindrical shell in FIGURE...Ch. 12 - A diver in the pike position (legs straight, hands...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13CQCh. 12 - A high-speed drill reaches 2000 rpm in 0.50 s. a....Ch. 12 - A skater holds her arms outstretched as she spins...Ch. 12 - A ceiling fan with 80-cm-diameter blades is...Ch. 12 - An 18-cm-long bicycle crank arm, with a pedal at...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5EAPCh. 12 - The three masses shown in FIGURE EX12.6 are...Ch. 12 - The three masses shown in FIGURE EX12.7 are...Ch. 12 - A 100 g ball and a 200 g ball are connected by a...Ch. 12 - A thin, 100 g disk with a diameter of 8.0 cm...Ch. 12 - What is the rotational kinetic energy of the...Ch. 12 - The three200g masses in FIGURE EX12.11 are...Ch. 12 - A drum major twirls a 96-cm-long, 400 g baton...Ch. 12 - The four masses shown in FIGURE EX12.13 are...Ch. 12 - The four masses shown in FIGURE EXI2.13 are...Ch. 12 - The three masses shown in FIGURE EXI2.15 are...Ch. 12 - A 12-cm-diameter CD has a mass of 21 g. What is...Ch. 12 - A 25 kg solid door is 220 cm tall, 91 cm wide....Ch. 12 - Prob. 18EAPCh. 12 - In FIGURE EX12.19, what magnitude force provides...Ch. 12 - The 20-cm-diameter disk in FIGURE EX12.20 can...Ch. 12 - The axle in FIGURE EXI2.21 is half the distance...Ch. 12 - A 4.0-rn-long, 500 kg steel beam extends...Ch. 12 - An athlete at the gym holds a 3.0 kg steel ball in...Ch. 12 - An object’s moment of inertia is 2.0 kg m2. Its...Ch. 12 - An object whose moment of inertia is 4.0 kg m2...Ch. 12 - A 1.0 kg ball and a 2.0 kg ball are connected by a...Ch. 12 - Starting from rest, a 12-cm-diameter compact disk...Ch. 12 - A 4.0 kg, 36-cm-diameter metal disk, initially at...Ch. 12 - The two objects in FIGURE EXI2.29 are balanced on...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 12 - The 3.0-rn-long, 100 kg rigid beam of FIGURE...Ch. 12 - A 5.0 kg cat and a 2.0 kg bowl of tuna fish are at...Ch. 12 - A car tire is 60cm in diameter. The car is...Ch. 12 - A 500 g, 8.0-cm-diameter can is filled with...Ch. 12 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 12 - A solid sphere of radius R is placed at a height...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 12 - Evaluate the cross products AB and CD .Ch. 12 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 12 - Force F=10j N is exerted on a particle at 5i+5j m....Ch. 12 - A 1.3 kg ball on the end of a lightweight rod is...Ch. 12 - What are the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 12 - What is the angular momentum vector of the 2.0 kg,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 12 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 12 - A 2.0 kg, 20-cm-diameter turntable rotates at 100...Ch. 12 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 12 - A toy gyroscope has a ring of mass M and radius R...Ch. 12 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 12 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 12 - Determine the moment of inertia about the axis of...Ch. 12 - What is the moment of inertia of a 2.0 kg,...Ch. 12 - Calculate by direct integration the moment of...Ch. 12 - Calculate the moment of inertia of the rectangular...Ch. 12 - a. A disk of mass M and radius R has a hole of...Ch. 12 - Consider a solid cone of radius R, height H, and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 57EAPCh. 12 - A 3.0-m-long ladder, as shown in Figure 12.35....Ch. 12 - In FIGURE P12.59, an 80 kg construction worker...Ch. 12 - Prob. 60EAPCh. 12 - Prob. 61EAPCh. 12 - A 120-cm-wide sign hangs from a 5.0 kg,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 63EAPCh. 12 - Flywheels are large, massive wheels used to store...Ch. 12 - of mass m1and m2are connected by a massless string...Ch. 12 - The 2.0 kg, 30-cm-diameter disk in FIGURE P12.66...Ch. 12 - A 30-cm-diameter, 1.2 kg solid turntable rotates...Ch. 12 - Your engineering team has been assigned the task...Ch. 12 - A hollow sphere is rolling along a horizontal...Ch. 12 - A 750 g disk and a 760 g ring, both 15 cm in...Ch. 12 - A cylinder of radius R, length L. and mass M is...Ch. 12 - The 5.0 kg, 60-cm-diameter disk in FIGURE P12.72...Ch. 12 - A thin, uniform rod of length L and mass M is...Ch. 12 - A long, thin rod of mass M and length L is...Ch. 12 - The marble rolls down the track shown in FIGURE...Ch. 12 - sThe sphere of mass M and radius R in FIGURE...Ch. 12 - A satellite follows the elliptical orbit shown in...Ch. 12 - A 10 g bullet traveling at 400 m/s strikes a 10...Ch. 12 - A 200 g, 40-cm-diameter turntable rotates on...Ch. 12 - Luc, who is 1.80 m tall and weighs 950 N, is...Ch. 12 - A merry-go-round is a common piece of playground...Ch. 12 - A 45 kg figure skater is spinning on the toes of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 83EAPCh. 12 - The earth’s rotation axis, which is tilted 23.5...Ch. 12 - sThe bunchberry flower has the fastest-moving...Ch. 12 - The two blocks in FIGURE CP12.86 are connected by...Ch. 12 - A rod of length L and mass M has a nonuniform mass...Ch. 12 - In FIGURE CP12.88, a 200 g toy car is placed on a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 89EAPCh. 12 - A 75 g, 30-cm-long rod hangs vertically on a...
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