EBK BIOLOGY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134819150
Author: Maier
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 12, Problem 1AAATB
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The reason for the evolution of domesticated strawberries from their smaller and less sweet wild ancestors.
Introduction:
Natural selection can be defined as a differential reproduction and survival of individuals as a result of changes in
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Natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding can both cause changes in animals and plants. The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective breeding only occurs when humans intervene. Changes in genetic traits have occurred over generations through both natural selection and selective breeding although the occur through different means. What characterizes only artificial selection? Choose all that apply.
A) chickens that lay larger eggs are favored
B) selection increases the chances of surviving
C) selection make a species stronger and fit for survival
D) selection favors the desired characters in the new organisms
a) Which of the following statements describes domestication?
It is the process by which animals are trained to do tricks useful for human needs.
It is the process by which wild species have been turned into species with traits that are useful for human needs.
It is the process by which animals build nests to attract mates and raise young.
It is the process by which plants have evolved to fill in ecological niches over time.
b)To illustrate how common corn is in a typical American diet, the film narrator gives many examples, from corn-on-the-cob to foods that contain cornstarch and corn syrup. The narrator also mentions meat. What is the connection between the meat we eat and corn?
Genes control thousands of different traits in plants. These genes can be selected for during natural selection (which drives evolution) and artificial selection (which drives domestication of dogs, crops, etc). During the domestication of modern tomato, describe the traits that were and were not selected.
In your own words, describe in 2-3 sentences why domesticated tomatoes bought at a grocery store are lackluster compared to heirlooms or wild tomatoes.
What are a few genetic and non-genetic traits that control tomato flavor and taste?
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- In several pairs of plant and animal species, plants have become modified such that only its animal partner can pollinate it, and the animals have become modified such that they are especially well adapted to pollinate just their plant partner. What is the name of this type of evolution that results in two organisms becoming particularly adapted to and dependent on each other?arrow_forwardChoose an organism that is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of your organism and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?arrow_forwardThis is a picture of a plant that grows in the tundra with the common name arctic willow. Plants that evolved in the tundra would be classified as stress tolerators, rather than competitors or ruderals in the classification diagram we discussed in class that is based on three factors, stress, competition, and disturbance). What traits would you expect the arctic willow to have relative to competitors and ruderals? Select all that apply. O Arctic willow allocates a greater proportion of its resources to make leaves and roots that to flower and make seeds Arctic willow is less likely to reproduce vegetatively than an annual plant adapted for low competition, low stress and high disturbance Arctic willow will grow slowly even if it grows in optimal conditions Arctic willow is likely to reproduce later in its life cyclearrow_forward
- What is the magnitude of inbreeding depression if selfed offspring have four times lower fitness than outcrossed offspring? Under these circumstances, would it be advantageous for a plant to continue self-fertilizing? Explain.arrow_forwardSome evening primrose plants (Oenothera biennis) produce seeds that are not palatable to their predators, the Mompha brevivitella moth, while other plants produce seeds that are eaten more often by the moths. Which of the following conditions is not required for natural selection to occur, with respect to the trait of seeds that are not palatable to the moth predator? In other words, which is not necessary for the adaptation of unpalatable seeds to increase in proportion in the population? (Choose one.) a)There is phenotypic variation in the population of plants. b)The variation in the palatability of the seeds is passed from generation to generation of plants. c)There is competition between the plants for limited resources. d)Plants with unpalatable seeds are more likely to reproduce than plants with seeds that are eaten by the moths.arrow_forwardSay there is a population of plants that live in a wetland, and are adapted to tolerate both flooding and drought. One year, the wetland floods completely, and only the most water-tolerant plants are able to survive. The wetland never drains, and over many years the plants adapt to stay submerged all year. Many generations later, the wetland returns to being wet and dry, and the entire population dies out. Is this an example of a historical constraint or genetic correlation?arrow_forward
- Evolution determines the change in inherited traits over time to ensure survival. There are three variants identified as Variant 1 with high reproductive rate, eats fruits and seeds; Variant 2, thick fur, produces toxins; and Variant 3 with thick fur, fast and resistant to disease. These variants are found in a cool, wet, and soil environment. In time 0 years with cool and wet environment, the population is 50,000 with 10,000 Variant 1, 15,000 Variant 2, and 25,000 of Variant 3. Two thousand years past, the environment remained the same with constant average temperature and rainfall. Variant 1 with a population of 26,000, Variant 2, 35,000, and Variant 3, 62,000. A disease spread throughout the population. However the population increased to 72,000. Determine the percentage increase in the population of the variants.arrow_forwardImagine that researchers are studying 2 populations of a hypothetical flowering plant, Darwinius beardii. Individual plants of population "A" grow to an average height of 25 cm, while those of population "B" average 40 cm. The flowers of population "A" are light purple and open in mid-April, while those of population "B" are dark purple with white spots and open in early May. These 2 populations are geographically separated by a large river, and geological and molecular genetic evidence suggests that they have been separated for at least 10 million years, during which time evolutionary divergence has occured. Yet, when individuals from each population are brought into the lab, they readily mate with individuals of the other population. Under which species concept(s) would the plants of the 2 populations be considered the SAME species? O A. Biological species concept O B. Phenetic species concept O C. Phylogenetic species concept O D. both the Phenetic and Phylogenetic species conceptsarrow_forwarda) Explain how it can be the case that mutating a Homeobox containing gene has a large impact on the morphology of some trait, even though the evolution of that trait involved no changes in that gene. b) Explain how, even though they rarely change themselves, certain patterns of expression of Homeobox and MADS box containing genes facilitate morphological diversification in animals and plants.arrow_forward
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