EBK BIOLOGY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134819150
Author: Maier
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 12, Problem 2GFO
The theory of natural selection has been applied to human culture in many different realms. For instance, there is a general belief in the United States that “survival of the fittest” determines which people are rich and which are poor. How are the forces that produce differences in wealth among individuals like natural selection? How are they different?
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- Is evolution by natural selection based on the desires of individuals within the evolving population? In other words, are individuals able to control natural selection to obtain a certain outcome? Explain.arrow_forwardConsider the four postulates of natural selection. How have humans manipulated each of these postulates in natural or artificial systems?arrow_forwardA freshwater fish called the blue danio (Danio kerri) has pink stripes down its sides. What has to be true about color pattern in these fish for it to be subject to natural selection? Group of answer choices It can only be a trait that is due to one gene that only has 2 alleles. It must be identical in all individuals in the population. It must be derived from their diet – it can’t be a genetically-based trait. It must be a genetically-based trait. It must be present in males but not in females.arrow_forward
- Apply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?arrow_forwardConsider this example. On a tropical island, there are iguanas that are green, blue, and yellow. The green iguanas can camouflage in the green grass, the yellow iguanas can camouflage in the dry, yellow grass. And the blue iguanas try to run fast to get away from prey. Over time, the blue iguanas disappear on the island, while the green and yellow iguanas survive. What type of natural selection is this? A. Balancing or Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive or Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selectionarrow_forwardAs an experiment, Dr. Charles Someone released bunnies on an island where there were no natural predators and plenty of food and good bunny habitat. Before he released them, he noticed that the population had an equal number of bunnies with great heat resistance and bunnies without good heat resistance. Since the island was very hot, he suspected that evolution would occur to make the heat resistant allele more abundant than the heat susceptible allele. He comes back after many years and observes the bunnies, only to find that the heat resistant bunnies are not the majority. In fact, the alleles for the susceptibility vastly outnumber the ones for resistance. What is going on? Choose the best answer. O a. Random chance, and not evolution. Evolution only happens with beneficial alleles O b. Random chance, and evolution. Evolution can happen with beneficial or deleterious alleles O c. Natural selection must be choosing the susceptible bunnies for a reason O d. None of thesearrow_forward
- In order for a trait to evolve via natural selection, which of the following must be true regarding the trait? (this is a multiple answer question - so select all correct) Group of answer choices There must be variation in the trait. The trait must make the organism survive longer than organisms with different traits. The trait must confer a reproductive advantage on the bearer of the trait. The trait must be heritable. The trait does not necessarily need to be passed down to offspring.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true for natural selection to occur? a) there should be variation within the population b) individuals with some genotypes have more offspring than individuals with others c) more individuals are born than can survive d) only individuals with favored alleles survive e) variation between individuals should be explained by genetics rather than environmentarrow_forwardBiologists sometimes say that “natural selection depends on the specific environment where a species lives.” What does this statement mean? A) A) If populations of a species are in different environments, traits that individuals need to meet their needs in each environment will appear. B) Traits can be helpful or harmful. If populations of a species are in different environments, some traits that are helpful in one environment might be harmful in another environment. C) Traits are always either helpful or harmful, and the environment of a population doesn’t matter. If populations of a species are in different environments, the same traits will always be helpful. D) Species were formed to perfectly match their environment. The traits of individuals in a species depend on the specific environment in which they were created.arrow_forward
- The domestication or breeding of animals to have as pets, livestock on farms, or for work purposes is a form of artificial selection. Charles Darwin used these practices to support his theory of species change by natural selection. How is artificial selection similar to natural selection? When animals with favorable traits are bred with animals with unfavorable traits, the offspring will have favorable traits, so breeders were changing species by removing certain traits. For artificial selection to work, only the strong survive to reproduce. By breeding animals with specific traits, breeders were able to produce a wide variety of breeds within a short period of time. Artificial selection involves breeding two different species and determining if a hybrid organism can be produced.arrow_forwardEvolution is a change in frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population. This definition of evolution was developed a result of the work in the 20th century by Hardy and Weinberg. Through mathematical modeling based on probability, they concluded that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation absence of evolutionary influences. Evolution will not occur in a population if seven conditions are met: 1. mutation is not occurring 2. natural selection is not occurring 3. the population is infinitely large 4. all members of the population breed 5. mating is totally random 6. everyone produces the same number of offspring 7. there is migration in or out of the population One of the criteria in the prompt above has been mis-typed. Correct the erroneous phrase so evolution will NOT occur.A) (5) There is sexual selection.B) (1) Mutation occurs within the population.C) (4) The fittest members of the population breed.D) (7)…arrow_forward1) This model shows the process of natural selection on rabbits demonstrating variation in fur color over several generations. Using the model, what most likely led to the loss of white furred rabbits in the population? 21 A) XB) 9) The white rabbits did not reproduce fast enough to survive. White was a recessive trait and therefore not passed on to any offspring. The white fur was a favorable trait but was never prevalent in the population. The rabbits with white fur had less camouflage in D) the environment and were more easily preyed on by predators. If this model continues, with no major changes to the environment,arrow_forward
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