Chapter 12, Problem 148CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The boiling point of $\text{2}{\text{.12 mol C}}_6{\text{H}}_{12}{\text{O}}_6$ , glucose, a nonelectrolyte, added to $\text{1}\text{.00 kg}$ of water should be calculated.

Concept Introduction: The molality of solution, $\text{m}$ is defined as number of moles of solute, $\text{n}$ in 1 kg of solvent, $\text{M}$ .

It is mathematically represented as follows:

  $\text{m =}\frac{\text{n}\left(\text{solute}\right)}{\text{M}\left(\text{solvent,kg}\right)}$

The boiling point is directly proportional to the molality of the solution.

  $\Delta T_b\propto m$

Or,

  $\Delta T_b=K_{b}m$

Here, $K_b$ is boiling point constant.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The boiling point of ${\text{110 g C}}_{12}{\text{H}}_{22}{\text{O}}_{11}$ , sucrose, a nonelectrolyte, added to $\text{1}\text{.00 kg}$ of water should be calculated.

Concept Introduction: The molality of solution, $\text{m}$ is defined as number of moles of solute, $\text{n}$ in 1 kg of solvent, $\text{M}$ .

It is mathematically represented as follows:

  $\text{m =}\frac{\text{n}\left(\text{solute}\right)}{\text{M}\left(\text{solvent,kg}\right)}$

From the mass, number of moles can be calculated using formula:

  $\text{n = }\frac{\text{m}}{\text{M}}$

Here, m is mass and M is molar mass.

The boiling point is directly proportional to the molality of the solution.

  $\Delta T_b\propto m$

Or,

  $\Delta T_b=K_{b}m$

Here, $K_b$ is boiling point constant.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The boiling point of ${\text{146 g NaNO}}_{\text{3}}$ , a strong electrolyte, added to $\text{1}\text{.00 kg}$ of water should be calculated.

Concept Introduction: The molality of solution, $\text{m}$ is defined as number of moles of solute, $\text{n}$ in 1 kg of solvent, $\text{M}$ .

It is mathematically represented as follows:

  $\text{m =}\frac{\text{n}\left(\text{solute}\right)}{\text{M}\left(\text{solvent,kg}\right)}$

From the mass, number of moles can be calculated using formula:

  $\text{n = }\frac{\text{m}}{\text{M}}$

Here, m is mass and M is molar mass.

The boiling point is directly proportional to the molality of the solution.

  $\Delta T_b\propto m$

Or,

  $\Delta T_b=K_{b}m$

Here, $K_b$ is boiling point constant.