Interpretation Introduction To determine: The most cost-efficient substance for reducing the freezing point of water. Explanation It is assumed that ionic compounds get dissociated completely and the price per kilogram for every substance is same. The depression in freezing point for a solution is given as follows: Δ T f = i × K f × m Here, Δ T f is the depression in freezing point, i is the van’t Hoff factor, K f is the molal freezing point depression constant, and m is the molality of the solution. Δ T f = i × K f × m = i × K f × ( m substance Molar mass substance × m H 2 O ( in kg ) ) Δ T ∝ ( i Molar mass substance ) It is evident that as the price per kilogram for every substance is same, for a fixed mass of substance and that of water, depression in freezing point is directly proportional to the ratio of van’t Hoff factor to the molar mass of the substance. Calculate the ratio for the substances as follows: (a) HOCH 2 CH 2 OH It is not an ionic compound, so there will be no dissociation. One mole of HOCH 2 CH 2 OH produces 1 mol of dissolved particles in the solution. Therefore, i = 1 . Calculate the ratio for HOCH 2 CH 2 OH as follows: i Molar mass = 1 62.07 g/mol = 0 .0161 mol/g (b) NaCl The reaction for complete dissociation of NaCl is as follows: NaCl → Na + + Cl − Complete dissociation of one mole of NaCl produces 2 mol of dissolved particles in the solution. Therefore, i = 2

Masteringchemistry with Pearson Etext -- Standalone Access Card -- For Chemistry

3rd Edition

ISBN: 9780321806383

Author: Nivaldo J. Tro

Publisher: PEARSON

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Chapter 12, Problem 137E

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To determine: The most cost-efficient substance for reducing the freezing point of water.

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Chapter 12, Problem 136E

Chapter 12, Problem 138E

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Masteringchemistry with Pearson Etext -- Standalone Access Card -- For Chemistry

Ch. 12 - Prob. 1SAQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 2SAQ Ch. 12 - Q3. A 500.0-mL sample of pure water is allowed to...Ch. 12 - Q4. A potassium bromide solution is 7.55 %...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5SAQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 6SAQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 7SAQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 8SAQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 9SAQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 10SAQ

Ch. 12 - Prob. 11SAQ Ch. 12 - Q12. The enthalpy of solution for NaOH is –44.46...Ch. 12 - Q13. A 2.4 m aqueous solution of an ionic compound...Ch. 12 - Q14. A solution is an equimolar mixture of two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15SAQ Ch. 12 - Prob. 1E Ch. 12 - Prob. 2E Ch. 12 - Prob. 3E Ch. 12 - Prob. 4E Ch. 12 - Prob. 5E Ch. 12 - Prob. 6E Ch. 12 - Prob. 7E Ch. 12 - Prob. 8E Ch. 12 - Prob. 9E Ch. 12 - 10. What is the heat of hydration (ΔHhydration)?...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11E Ch. 12 - Prob. 12E Ch. 12 - Prob. 13E Ch. 12 - Prob. 14E Ch. 12 - Prob. 15E Ch. 12 - Prob. 16E Ch. 12 - Prob. 17E Ch. 12 - Prob. 18E Ch. 12 - Prob. 19E Ch. 12 - Prob. 20E Ch. 12 - Prob. 21E Ch. 12 - 22. Explain why the lower vapor pressure for a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23E Ch. 12 - Prob. 24E Ch. 12 - Prob. 25E Ch. 12 - Prob. 26E Ch. 12 - Prob. 27E Ch. 12 - Prob. 28E Ch. 12 - Prob. 29E Ch. 12 - 30. Pick an appropriate solvent from Table 13.3 to...Ch. 12 - 31. Which molecule would you expect to be more...Ch. 12 - 32. Which molecule would you expect to be more...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33E Ch. 12 - Prob. 34E Ch. 12 - 35. When ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is dissolved in...Ch. 12 - 36. When lithium iodide (LiI) is dissolved in...Ch. 12 - Silver nitrate has a lattice energy of 820 kJ/mol...Ch. 12 - Prob. 38E Ch. 12 - Prob. 39E Ch. 12 - Prob. 40E Ch. 12 - Prob. 41E Ch. 12 - 42. A solution contains 32 g of KNO3 per 100.0 g...Ch. 12 - Prob. 43E Ch. 12 - Prob. 44E Ch. 12 - Prob. 45E Ch. 12 - Prob. 46E Ch. 12 - Prob. 47E Ch. 12 - Prob. 48E Ch. 12 - Prob. 49E Ch. 12 - Prob. 50E Ch. 12 - Prob. 51E Ch. 12 - Prob. 52E Ch. 12 - Prob. 53E Ch. 12 - Prob. 54E Ch. 12 - 55. Silver nitrate solutions are often used to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 56E Ch. 12 - Prob. 57E Ch. 12 - Prob. 58E Ch. 12 - Prob. 59E Ch. 12 - Prob. 60E Ch. 12 - Prob. 61E Ch. 12 - Prob. 62E Ch. 12 - Prob. 63E Ch. 12 - Prob. 64E Ch. 12 - Prob. 65E Ch. 12 - Prob. 66E Ch. 12 - Prob. 67E Ch. 12 - Prob. 68E Ch. 12 - Prob. 69E Ch. 12 - Prob. 70E Ch. 12 - 71. Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution...Ch. 12 - Prob. 72E Ch. 12 - 73. A solution contains 50.0 g of heptane (C7H16)...Ch. 12 - Prob. 74E Ch. 12 - 75. A solution contains 4.08 g of chloroform...Ch. 12 - Prob. 76E Ch. 12 - Prob. 77E Ch. 12 - Prob. 78E Ch. 12 - 79. Calculate the freezing point and boiling point...Ch. 12 - 80. Calculate the freezing point and boiling...Ch. 12 - 81. An aqueous solution containing 17.5 g of an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 82E Ch. 12 - 83. Calculate the osmotic pressure of a solution...Ch. 12 - Prob. 84E Ch. 12 - 85. A solution containing 27.55 mg of an unknown...Ch. 12 - Prob. 86E Ch. 12 - 87. Calculate the freezing point and boiling point...Ch. 12 - Prob. 88E Ch. 12 - Prob. 89E Ch. 12 - Prob. 90E Ch. 12 - Prob. 91E Ch. 12 - Prob. 92E Ch. 12 - Prob. 93E Ch. 12 - Prob. 94E Ch. 12 - 95. A 0.100 M ionic solution has an osmotic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 96E Ch. 12 - 97. Calculate the vapor pressure at 25 °C of an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 98E Ch. 12 - Prob. 99E Ch. 12 - 100. The solubility of phenol in water at 25 °C is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 101E Ch. 12 - Prob. 102E Ch. 12 - Prob. 103E Ch. 12 - Prob. 104E Ch. 12 - Prob. 105E Ch. 12 - Prob. 106E Ch. 12 - Prob. 107E Ch. 12 - 108. The vapor above an aqueous solution contains...Ch. 12 - Prob. 109E Ch. 12 - Prob. 110E Ch. 12 - Prob. 111E Ch. 12 - Prob. 112E Ch. 12 - Prob. 113E Ch. 12 - Prob. 114E Ch. 12 - Prob. 115E Ch. 12 - Prob. 116E Ch. 12 - Prob. 117E Ch. 12 - Prob. 118E Ch. 12 - Prob. 119E Ch. 12 - Prob. 120E Ch. 12 - Prob. 121E Ch. 12 - Prob. 122E Ch. 12 - 123. A 100.0-mL aqueous sodium chloride solution...Ch. 12 - Prob. 124E Ch. 12 - Prob. 125E Ch. 12 - Prob. 126E Ch. 12 - 127. A 1.10-g sample contains only glucose...Ch. 12 - 128. A solution is prepared by mixing 631 mL of...Ch. 12 - 129. Two alcohols, isopropyl alcohol and propyl...Ch. 12 - Prob. 130E Ch. 12 - Prob. 131E Ch. 12 - 132. A solution of 75.0 g of benzene (C6H6) and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 133E Ch. 12 - Prob. 134E Ch. 12 - Prob. 135E Ch. 12 - Prob. 136E Ch. 12 - 137. If each substance listed here costs the same...Ch. 12 - Prob. 138E

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