(a) Interpretation: An artificial age-hardening heat treatment for a Cu-1.2% Be alloy needs to be determined, including the appropriate temperatures. Concept Introduction: When the composition is made up of beryllium and copper then it is known as Beryllium copper. It is also known as Beryllium bronze, Copper beryllium and spring copper. It is a copper alloy in which beryllium has a percentage as ( 0.5 − 3 ) % and sometimes other elements are also used. During manufacturing, this alloy can cause toxic inhalation which is hazardous. In this alloy there is a combination of non-sparkling and non-magnetic qualities of high strength. It has mechanical properties like as: Machining Metalworking Forming Application of beryllium copper is as follows − Musical instrument Measurement devices (Precision devices) Bullets Aerospace Engineering Tools for hazardous environment

Question

a. A silicon sample maintained at room temperature is uniformly doped with ND=10¹6/cm³ donors. Calculate the resistivity of the sample. b. The silicon sample of part (a) is "compensated" by adding NA=1016/cm³ acceptors. Calculate the resistivity of the compensated sample. c. Compute the resistivity of intrinsic silicon at room temperature. d. A 500 resistor is to be made from a bar-shaped piece of n-type Si. The bar has a cross sectional area of 102 cm² and a current-carrying length of 1 cm. Determine the doping required. μn or μp (cm²/V-sec) 1000 Electrons Holes NA or ND (cm³) 1x1014 Мет Mp (cm2V-sec) 1358 461 2 1357 460 100 5 1352 459 1 x 1015 1345 458 2 1332 455 5 1298 448 1 x 1016.... 1248 437 2 1165 419 5 986 378 1 x 1017 801 331 10 1014 1015 1016 NA or ND (cm-³) 1017 1018 Silicon T = 300 K

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.29P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An artificial age-hardening heat treatment for a Cu-1.2% Be alloy needs to be determined, including the appropriate temperatures.

Concept Introduction:

When the composition is made up of beryllium and copper then it is known as Beryllium copper. It is also known as Beryllium bronze, Copper beryllium and spring copper. It is a copper alloy in which beryllium has a percentage as (0.5−3)% and sometimes other elements are also used. During manufacturing, this alloy can cause toxic inhalation which is hazardous. In this alloy there is a combination of non-sparkling and non-magnetic qualities of high strength. It has mechanical properties like as:

Machining

Metalworking

Forming

Application of beryllium copper is as follows −

Musical instrument

Measurement devices (Precision devices)

Bullets

Aerospace Engineering

Tools for hazardous environment

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The amount of γ2 precipitate forming by artificial aging at 400 ∘C needs to be compared with the amount of precipitate formed by natural aging.

Concept Introduction:

When the composition is made up of beryllium and copper then it is known as Beryllium copper. It is also known as Beryllium bronze, Copper beryllium and spring copper. It is a copper alloy in which beryllium has a percentage as (0.5−3)% and sometimes other elements are also used. During manufacturing, this alloy can cause toxic inhalation which is hazardous. In this alloy there is a combination of non-sparkling and non-magnetic qualities of high strength. It has mechanical properties like as:

Machining

Metalworking

Forming

Application of beryllium copper is as follows −

Musical instrument

Measurement devices (Precision devices)

Bullets

Aerospace Engineering

Tools for hazardous environment

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