Chapter 12, Problem 12.119QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation

The process how Aluminium sulfate used in municipal water treatment plants to remove undesirable particles should be explained.

Concept introduction

Like dissolves like principle: ‘Like dissolves like’ principle says that polar compounds including ionic compound should be more soluble in polar solvent.  Likewise, non–polar compound should be more soluble in non–polar solvent.

Polar molecule: Polar molecules have large dipole moments.

Non-Polar molecules: Non-polar molecules have bonded atoms with similar electronegativity results to have zero dipole moments.

Saturated solution is the solution that contains maximum quantity of solute dissolved in the solvent. In the given volume of saturated solution amount of solute dissolved in the solvent called solubility. Unsaturated solution is the solution that contains less quantity of solute than saturated solution. Supersaturated solution contains more solute than solute present in the saturated solution.

Solubility is the quantity of solute (solid, liquid or gas) that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent (solid, liquid or gas) at definite temperature and pressure. Solubility depends on the physical and chemical property of solvent, solute and concentration of the solution.

Precipitation: It is the process in which involves separation of excess of solid present in supersaturated solution.