The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium sulfite and hydrochloric acid should be written. Concept introduction: A balanced chemical equation is defined as reaction in which there are same number of constituent atoms on both side of the reaction arrow, that is reactant and product side.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium sulfite and hydrochloric acid should be written. Concept introduction: A balanced chemical equation is defined as reaction in which there are same number of constituent atoms on both side of the reaction arrow, that is reactant and product side.
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Chapter 12, Problem 12.116PAE
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium sulfite and hydrochloric acid should be written.
Concept introduction:
A balanced chemical equation is defined as reaction in which there are same number of constituent atoms on both side of the reaction arrow, that is reactant and product side.
(a)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 12.116PAE
Solution: Balanced chemical equation.
NaHSO3(s)+HCl(g)⇌NaCl(s)+SO2(g)+H2O(l)
Explanation of Solution
Here, sulfur dioxide, sodium chloride and water are formed when sodium hydrogen sulfite is reacted with hydrochloric acid. The balanced reaction is as follows:NaHSO3(s)+HCl(g)⇌NaCl(s)+SO2(g)+H2O(l)
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Mass of SO2 produced if 1.9g of sodium hydrogen sulfite is reacted with excess HCl should be identified.
Concept introduction:
For a reaction, if any reactant is present in excess, the mass of product obtained depends on the limiting reactant. The ratio of number of moles remains the same for any reaction.
Number of mole is related to mass and molar mass as follows:n=mM
where, n is the number of moles
m is mass
M is molar mass
(b)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 12.116PAE
Solution: Amount of sulfur dioxide produced is 1.2g
Explanation of Solution
The balanced chemical reaction of sodium hydrogen sulfite and hydrochloride acid is as follows:NaHSO3(s)+HCl(g)⇌NaCl(s)+SO2(g)+H2O(l)
Here, HCl is present in excess, thus, NaHSO3 is a limiting reactant. 1 mole of NaHSO3 produce 1 mole of sulfur dioxide SO2.
Calculate the number of moles of NaHSO3 obtained from 1.9 g of NaHSO3 as follows:n=mM
Molecular mass of NaHSO3=104g/mol
Thus,nNaHSO3=1.9 g104 g/mol=0.0183mol
Since, 1 mole of NaHSO3 produces 1 mole of SO2 thus, 0.0183 mole of NaHSO3 produces 0.0183 mole of SO2
Now, calculate mass of SO2 produced as follows:m=n×M
Molar mass of SO2=64 g/mol
Thus,mSO2=0.0183 mol×64g/mol=1.2g
Therefore, 1.2 g of SO2 is produced from 1.9 g of NaHSO3.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Equilibrium concentration of each species in the given reaction should be identified.SO2+12O2⇌SO3K=2.6×1012
Concept introduction: For a general reaction, aA+bB⇌cC+dD
Expression for the equilibrium constant (K) is as follows:K=[C]c[D]d[A]a[B]b
Also, concentration or molarity of a solution is defined as number of moles in 1 L of solution. The unit of concentration or molarity is mol/L or M.
(c)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 12.116PAE
Solution: Equilibrium concentration of SO2[SO2]=0M
Equilibrium concentration of SO3[SO3]=0.183M
Equilibrium concentration of O2[O2]=0.41M
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is SO2+12O2⇌SO3
Equilibrium constant for the reaction will be:k=[SO3][SO2][O2]12
The ICE table for the reaction will be:
SO2
12O2
SO3
Initial
0.0183
0.05
0
Change
−x
−x2
x
equilibrium
0.0183−x
0.05−x2
x
Since, the value of equilibrium constant is very high thus, SO2 completely react with oxygen to form SO3. The number of moles of SO2 remain will be zero.
Thus,0.0183−x=0x=0.0183
Calculate number of moles of O2 remain as follows:
Moles of O2 remain,nO2=(0.05−0.01832)=0.041mole
And, nSO3=0.0183mole
Concentration can be calculated as follows:C=nV
Since, volume of container is 100 mL or 0.1 L, equilibrium concentration of all species can be calculated.[SO2]=nSO2V=00.1L=0[O2]=0.0410.1=0.41M[SO3]=0.01830.1=0.183M
Therefore, equilibrium concentration of SO2, O2 and SO3 is 0 M, 0.41 M and 0.183 M respectively.
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3) Determine if the pairs are constitutional isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, or mesocompounds.
(4 points)
In the decomposition reaction in solution B → C, only species C absorbs UV radiation, but neither B nor the solvent absorbs. If we call At the absorbance measured at any time, A0 the absorbance at the beginning of the reaction, and A∞ the absorbance at the end of the reaction, which of the expressions is valid? We assume that Beer's law is fulfilled.