Freezing point of a solution at given Osmotic pressure and temperature has to be calculated. Concept Introduction: In the process of osmosis , the solvent molecules pass through a semi - permeable membrane from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution. The pressure that has to be applied to prevent the flow of solvent molecules is called osmotic pressure . It is expressed as, π = M R T Where, π = osmotic pressure M = Molar concentration R = Universal gas constant T = Temperature Freezing point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which liquid becomes solid and the two phases remain in equilibrium with each other. Freezing point of a substance can be determined by the formula, Δ T f = i × K f m Where, Δ T f = depression in freezing point K f = cryoscopic constant m = molality of the solution; i = van't Hoff factor
Freezing point of a solution at given Osmotic pressure and temperature has to be calculated. Concept Introduction: In the process of osmosis , the solvent molecules pass through a semi - permeable membrane from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution. The pressure that has to be applied to prevent the flow of solvent molecules is called osmotic pressure . It is expressed as, π = M R T Where, π = osmotic pressure M = Molar concentration R = Universal gas constant T = Temperature Freezing point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which liquid becomes solid and the two phases remain in equilibrium with each other. Freezing point of a substance can be determined by the formula, Δ T f = i × K f m Where, Δ T f = depression in freezing point K f = cryoscopic constant m = molality of the solution; i = van't Hoff factor
Solution Summary: The author explains that the osmotic pressure of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which the two phases remain in equilibrium with each other.
Freezing point of a solution at given Osmotic pressure and temperature has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
In the process of osmosis, the solvent molecules pass through a semi - permeable membrane from less concentrated solution to more concentrated solution. The pressure that has to be applied to prevent the flow of solvent molecules is called osmotic pressure. It is expressed as,
π=MRT
Where,
π= osmotic pressureM= Molar concentrationR= Universal gas constantT= Temperature
Freezing point of a liquid is defined as the temperature at which liquid becomes solid and the two phases remain in equilibrium with each other.
Freezing point of a substance can be determined by the formula,
ΔTf=i×Kfm
Where,
ΔTf = depression in freezing pointKf = cryoscopic constantm = molality of the solution; i = van't Hoff factor
Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds.
Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs.
Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom.
Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas.
CH.
H₂
fo
H2
H
The number of unshared pairs at atom a is
The number of unshared pairs at atom b is
The number of unshared pairs at atom c is
HC
HC
HC
CH
The number of unshared pairs at atom a is
The number of unshared pairs at atom b is
The number of unshared pairs at atom c is
Draw curved arrows for the following reaction step.
Arrow-pushing Instructions
CH3
CH3 H
H-O-H
+/
H3C-C+
H3C-C-0:
CH3
CH3 H