a) Interpretation: The change has to be explained when - CN concentration is halved, and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentration is doubled and Both the - CN and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentrations are tripled. Concept introduction: S N 2 reaction: The alcohol is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms in simultaneous manner and which is bearing alcohol group which yield the corresponding product. Example: Alcohol is reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine which provides retention of configuration of tosylated compound. This tosylated compound is further reaction with sodium methoxide which undergoes again S N 2 type of reaction, the methoxide ion attacks the carbon atom through the back side and provides Inverse configuration of methoxy compound. This is shown below, S N 2 reaction is second order reaction, the rate of the reaction is depending on the both substrate and nucleophiles.

Question

3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11.SE, Problem 43AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The change has to be explained when ^-CN concentration is halved, and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentration is doubled and Both the ^-CN and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentrations are tripled.

Concept introduction:

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohol is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms in simultaneous manner and which is bearing alcohol group which yield the corresponding product.

Example:

Alcohol is reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine which provides retention of configuration of tosylated compound. This tosylated compound is further reaction with sodium methoxide which undergoes again S_N2 type of reaction, the methoxide ion attacks the carbon atom through the back side and provides Inverse configuration of methoxy compound. This is shown below,

S_N2 reaction is second order reaction, the rate of the reaction is depending on the both substrate and nucleophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The change has to be explained when ^-CN concentration is halved, and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentration is doubled and Both the ^-CN and the 1-iodo-2-methylbutane concentrations are tripled.

Concept introduction:

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohol is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms in simultaneous manner and which is bearing alcohol group which yield the corresponding product.

Example:

Alcohol is reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine which provides retention of configuration of tosylated compound. This tosylated compound is further reaction with sodium methoxide which undergoes again S_N2 type of reaction, the methoxide ion attacks the carbon atom through the back side and provides Inverse configuration of methoxy compound. This is shown below,

S_N2 reaction is second order reaction, the rate of the reaction is depending on the both substrate and nucleophiles.

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3) The following molecule, chloral is a common precursor to chloral hydrate, an acetal type molecule that was a first-generation anesthetic. Draw a mechanism that accounts for tis formation and speculate why it does not require the use of an acid catalyst, like most hemiacetal and acetal reaction: (10 pts) H H₂O

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Your organisation strives to ensure that >99.97% of bags of umami powder produced conforms to specification. What performance process index value is required to achieve this process yield? Calculate PPK using the following formula: Ppk = (USL – mean)/3 σ Ppk = (mean -LSL)/ 3 σ

You are a Quality Manager for a very well-known food ingredient company that produces umami powder, and you are responsible for setting specification limits. The net weight (in grams) of bags of unami powder is monitored by taking samples of six bags on an hourly basis during production. The label on every bag reports a contents of 1KG umami powder. The process mean is μ = 1012 g, and when the process is properly adjusted, it varies with σ = 11 g. QUESTION: Provide a valid and full justification as to whether you would advise your manager that the process is satisfactory when it is properly adjusted, or would you seek their approval to improve the process?