Chapter 11, Problem 97AP

Without referring to your textbook or a periodic table, write the full electron configuration, the orbital box diagram, and the noble gas shorthand configuration for the elements with the following atomic numbers.

msp;  $\begin{array}{l}\text{a}.\text{ Z }=\text{ 2l} \text{d}.\text{ Z }=\text{ 38}\\ \text{b}.\text{ Z }=\text{ 15} \text{e}.\text{ Z }=\text{ 3}0\\ \text{c}.\text{ Z }=\text{ 36}\end{array}$

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration for the elements are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 97AP

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{21}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{1}4{\text{s}}^2$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 1. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{1}4{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z=21}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{1}4{\text{s}}^2$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is shown in figure 1.

Figure 1

The electronic configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{1}4{\text{s}}^2$. This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $18$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $18$ possessed by the element is shown by the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$. The electronic configuration of argon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration for the elements are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 97AP

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{15}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^3$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 2. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^3$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{15}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^3$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is shown in figure 2.

Figure 2

The electronic configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^3$. This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, neon $\left[\text{Ne}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $10$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $10$ possessed by element is shown by the symbol of neon $\left[\text{Ne}\right]$. The electronic configuration of neon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration for the elements are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 97AP

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{36}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^6$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 3. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{36}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^6$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is shown in figure 3.

Figure 3

The electronic configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$. This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, krypton $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $36$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $36$ possessed by element is shown by the symbol of krypton $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$. The electronic configuration of krypton is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration for the elements are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 97AP

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{38}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^{6}5{\text{s}}^2$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 4. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{38}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^{6}5{\text{s}}^2$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is shown in figure 4.

Figure 4

The electronic configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Kr}\right]5{\text{s}}^2$. This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, krypton $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$, which has atomic number equals to $36$. The total number of core electrons that is $36$ possess by element is shown by the symbol of krypton $\left[\text{Kr}\right]$. The electronic configuration of krypton is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of the given element, the orbital box diagram and the noble gas shorthand configuration for the elements are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

Answer to Problem 97AP

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{30}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$ and the orbital box diagram is shown in Figure 5. The noble gas shorthand configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The electronic configuration of the given element with $\text{Z}=\text{30}$ is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$.

The orbitals in the orbital box diagram are arranged in increasing order of energy shells. The orbital box diagram is shown in figure 5.

Figure 5

The electronic configuration of the given element can also be written as $\left[\text{Ar}\right]3{\text{d}}^{10}4{\text{s}}^2$. This electronic configuration is shown by using the symbol of the noble gas, argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$, which has atomic number equal to $18$. The total number of core electrons, that is, $18$ possessed by element is shown by the symbol of argon $\left[\text{Ar}\right]$. The electronic configuration of argon is $1{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^{6}3{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^6$.