Chapter 11, Problem 66QAP

Write the valence-electron configuration of each of the following elements, basing your answer on the element’s location on the periodic table.

uranium, $\text{Z}=\text{92}$ c. mercury, $\text{Z}=\text{8}0$

manganese, $\text{Z}=\text{25}$ d. francium, $\text{Z}=\text{87}$

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, based on its location on the periodic table, is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 66QAP

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, uranium, is $5{\text{f}}^{3}6{\text{d}}^{1}7{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The valence shell electronic configuration of uranium is underlined in the actual configuration of uranium which is shown as,

$\left[\text{Rn}\right]\underset{\_}{5{\text{f}}^{3}6{\text{d}}^{1}7{\text{s}}^2}$

The valence shell electronic configuration of uranium that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=92$ is $5{\text{f}}^{3}6{\text{d}}^{1}7{\text{s}}^2$. Hence, it is clear that uranium contains six electrons as the valence electrons in its outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, based on its location on the periodic table, is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 66QAP

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, manganese, is $3{\text{d}}^{5}4{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The valence shell electronic configuration of manganese is underlined in the actual configuration of manganese which is shown as,

$\left[\text{Ar}\right]\underset{\_}{3{\text{d}}^{5}4{\text{s}}^2}$

The valence shell electronic configuration of manganese that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=25$ is $3{\text{d}}^{5}4{\text{s}}^2$. Hence, it is clear that manganese contains seven electrons as the valence electrons in its outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, based on its location on the periodic table, is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, mercury, is $6{\text{s}}^2$.

The valence shell electronic configuration of mercury is underlined in the actual configuration of mercury which is shown as,

$\left[\text{Xe}\right]4{\text{f}}^{14}5{\text{d}}^{10}\underset{\_}{6{\text{s}}^2}$

The valence shell electronic configuration of mercury that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=80$ is $6{\text{s}}^2$. Hence, it is clear that mercury contains two electrons as the valence electrons in its outermost shell.

Answer to Problem 66QAP

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, mercury, is $6{\text{s}}^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The valence shell electronic configuration of mercury is underlined in the actual configuration of mercury which is shown as,

$\left[\text{Xe}\right]4{\text{f}}^{14}5{\text{d}}^{10}\underset{\_}{6{\text{s}}^2}$

The valence shell electronic configuration of mercury that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=80$ is $6{\text{s}}^2$. Hence, it is clear that mercury contains two electrons as the valence electrons in its outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, based on its location on the periodic table, is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.

The electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom are known as valence electrons. The outermost shell of an atom is known as valence shell. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 66QAP

The valence shell electronic configuration of the given element, francium, is $7{\text{s}}^1$.

Explanation of Solution

The valence shell electronic configuration of francium is underlined in the actual configuration of francium which is shown as,

$\left[\text{Rn}\right]\underset{\_}{7{\text{s}}^1}$

The valence shell electronic configuration of francium that has atomic number equal to $\text{Z}=87$ is $7{\text{s}}^1$. Hence, it is clear that francium contains one electron as the valence electron in its outermost shell.