(a)
Interpretation:
The atoms of a main-group element in period
Concept introduction:
On moving from left to right in a periodic table, the effective nuclear charge increases. The effective nuclear charge pulls the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom becomes smaller.
On moving from top to bottom in the group, the higher principal energy levels become farther from the nucleus. Therefore, the effective nuclear charge cannot pull the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom size becomes larger.
(b)
Interpretation:
The atoms of a main-group element in period
Concept introduction:
On moving from left to right in a periodic table, the effective nuclear charge increases. The effective nuclear charge pulls the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom becomes smaller.
On moving from top to bottom in the group, the higher principal energy levels become farther from the nucleus. Therefore, the effective nuclear charge cannot pull the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom size becomes larger.
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