Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 52P
11-62(Chemical Connections 11C) What are Freons? Why were they considered ideal compounds to use as heat-transfer agents in refrigeration systems? Give structural formulas of two Freons used for this purpose.
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3. Consider the following table. List three substances as having the strongest intermolecular
forces. Explain your reason.
Formula
CH4
HOH
C₂H6
CH₂OH
C3H8
CH₂CH₂OH
C4H10
CH3CH₂CH₂OH
Name
methane
water
ethane
methanol
propane
ethanol
butane
1-propanol
Molar Mass Boiling Point (°C)
-164
100
-89
65
-42
78
16
18
30
32
44
46
58
60
97
Methane, CH4 (boiling point -1610C) and water, H2O have about the same molecular weight. Which has the higher vapor pressure at room temperature? Explain.
Ethanol, C₂H60, is most often blended with gasoline - usually as a 10 percent mix - to create a fuel called gasohol.
Ethanol is a renewable resource and ethanol-blended fuels, like gasohol, appear to burn more efficiently in combustion
engines. The combustion of one mole of ethanol releases 326.7 kcal of energy.
The combustion of one mole of 2-methylheptane,
C8H18, releases
1.306 × 10³ kcal of energy. How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 405 grams of 2-
methylheptane?
kcal
Assuming the same efficiency, would 405 grams of ethanol provide more, less, or the same amount of energy as 405
grams of 2-methylheptane?
more
less
the same amount
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 11.1QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.2QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3QCCh. 11.4 - Problem 11-4 Write the molecular formula and IUPAC...Ch. 11.6 - Problem 11-5 Write the molecular formula and IUPAC...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 11.6QCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 11.7QCCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.8QCCh. 11.10 - Prob. 11.9QCCh. 11 - 11-11 Define: Hydrocarbon Alkane Saturated...
Ch. 11 - 11-12 Why is it not accurate to describe an...Ch. 11 - 11-13 What is meant by the term line-angle formula...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4PCh. 11 - Write the molecular formula for each alkane.Ch. 11 - Answer true or false. Constitutional isomers have...Ch. 11 - Which statements are true about constitutional...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Each member of the following set of compounds is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10PCh. 11 - 11-21 In the six following sets, which pairs of...Ch. 11 - Draw line-angle formulas for the nine...Ch. 11 - Answer true or false. The parent name of an alkane...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PCh. 11 - Among the ingredients listed in one commercial...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PCh. 11 - Answer true or false. Cycloalkanes are saturated...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18PCh. 11 - Prob. 19PCh. 11 - Prob. 20PCh. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - 11-32 Calculate the actual C-C-C bond angles in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - 11-34 What structural feature of cycloalkanes...Ch. 11 - Prob. 25PCh. 11 - 11-36 Name and draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 11 - Name and draw structural formulas for the six...Ch. 11 - 11-38 Why is equatorial methylcyclohexane more...Ch. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - Consider a cyclohexane ring substituted with one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31PCh. 11 - Prob. 32PCh. 11 - Which unbranched alkane (Table 11-4) has about the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 34PCh. 11 - Prob. 35PCh. 11 - Prob. 36PCh. 11 - Prob. 37PCh. 11 - 11-48 How are the boiling points of hydrocarbons...Ch. 11 - Answer true or false. Combustion of alkanes is an...Ch. 11 - 11-50 Write balanced equations for the combustion...Ch. 11 - The heat of combustion of methane, a component of...Ch. 11 - 11-52 Draw structural formulas for these...Ch. 11 - Prob. 43PCh. 11 - 11-54 Complete and balance the equation for the...Ch. 11 - Name and draw structural formulas for all pos...Ch. 11 - Prob. 46PCh. 11 - Prob. 47PCh. 11 - 11-58 (Chemical Connections 11A) How many rings in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 49PCh. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51PCh. 11 - 11-62(Chemical Connections 11C) What are Freons?...Ch. 11 - 11-63 (Chemical Connections 11C) In what way do...Ch. 11 - (Chemical Connections 11C) What are HFCs and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 55PCh. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - Prob. 57PCh. 11 - Prob. 58PCh. 11 - Which of the following compounds can exist as...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60PCh. 11 - Dodecane, C12H26, is an unbranched alkane Predict...Ch. 11 - Prob. 62PCh. 11 - Prob. 63PCh. 11 - Prob. 64PCh. 11 - As stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple...Ch. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67P
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- As stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple skins is an unbranched alkane with the molecular formula C^H^. Explain how the presence of this alkane in apple skins prevents the loss of moisture from within the apple.arrow_forward(Chemical Connections 11C) What are HFCs and HCFCs? How does their use in refrigeration systems prevent the environmental problems associated with the use of Freons?arrow_forwardThe heat of combustion of methane, a component of natural gas, is 212 kcal/mol. That of propane, a component of LP gas, is 530 kcal/mol. On a gram- for-gram basis, which hydrocarbon is the better source of heat energy?arrow_forward
- Dodecane, C12H26, is an unbranched alkane Predict the following: Will it dissolve in water? Will it dissolve in hexane? Will it burn when ignited? Is it a liquid, solid, or gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure? Is it more or less dense than water?arrow_forwardThe disinfection of drinking water to control microbial contaminants can form chemical disinfection byproducts. These compounds result from the reaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organic matter (the dissolved molecules that give natural water the yellow-greenish color). One class of disinfection byproducts is the malodorous and unpalatable chlorophenols. 2,4-dichlorophenol is one compound of this class. a) Calculate the vapor pressure p*L of 2,4-dichlorophenol at 60 °C using Tb and structural information only OH .CI M, = 163.0 g/mol Tm = 43.7 °C Tp = 213.0°C %3D %3D %3Darrow_forwardArrange the following compounds in decreasing order of boiling point. Highest Boiling Point 1 Ethanoic acid (carboxylic acid) 2 Ethanamide (amide) 3 propan-1-ol (alcohol) 4 n-butane (alkane) Lowest Boiling Pointarrow_forward
- The molecular mass of 1-butanol, C4H9OH, is 74.12 amu; that of ethylene glycol, CH2(OH)CH2OH, is 62.07 amu, yet their boiling points are 117.7°C and 197.3°C, respectively. Explain the reason for the difference. Since ethylene glycol h --Select-- locations for hydrogen bonding interactions than 1-butanol, it will have the higher boiling point. more fewerarrow_forwardWhich unbranched alkane (Table 11-4) has about the same boiling point as water? Calculate the molecular weight of this alkane and compare it with the molecular weight of water.arrow_forward11-58 (Chemical Connections 11A) How many rings in te trodotoxin contain only carbon atoms? How many contain nitrogen atoms? How many contain two oxygen atoms?arrow_forward
- What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon? Distinguish between normal and branched hydrocarbons. What is an alkane? What is a cyclic alkane? What are the two general formulas for alkanes? What is the hybridization of carbon atoms in alkanes? What are the bond angles in alkanes? Why are cyclopropane and cyclobutane so reactive? The normal (unbranched) hydrocarbons are often referred to as straight-chain hydrocarbons. What does this name refer to? Does it mean that the carbon atoms in a straight-chain hydrocarbon really have a linear arrangement? Explain. In the shorthand notation for cyclic alkanes, the hydrogens are usually omitted. How do you determine the number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon in a ring structure?arrow_forwardAlcohols A, B and C all have the composition C4H 100. Molecules of alcohol A contain a branched carbon chain and can be oxidized to an aldehyde; molecules of alcohol B contain a linear carbon chain and can be oxidized to a ketone; and molecules of alcohol C can be oxidized to neither an aldehyde nor a ketone. Write the Lewis structures of these molecules.arrow_forward/3-Ocimene, a triene found in the fragrance of cotton blossoms and several essential oils, has the 1UPAC name czs-3,7-dimethyl-l,3,6-octatriene. (Cis refers to the configuration of the double bond between carbons 3 and 4, the only double bond in this molecule about which cis-trans isomerism is possible.) Draw a structural formula for /3-ocimene.arrow_forward
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