Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337627900
Author: Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 11, Problem 3RQ
What is the focus of most performance-tuning activities, and why does that focus exist?
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2. Signed Integers
Unsigned binary numbers work for natural numbers, but many calculations use negative
numbers as well. To deal with this, a number of different methods have been used to represent
signed numbers, but we will focus on two's complement, as it is the standard solution for
representing signed integers.
2.1 Two's complement
• Most significant bit has a negative value, all others are positive. So, the value of an n-digit
-2
two's complement number can be written as: Σ2 2¹ di 2n-1 dn
• Otherwise exactly the same as unsigned integers.
i=0
-
• A neat trick for flipping the sign of a two's complement number: flip all the bits (0 becomes 1,
or 1 becomes 0) and then add 1 to the least significant bit.
• Addition is exactly the same as with an unsigned number.
2.2 Exercises
For questions 1-3, answer each one for the case of a two's complement number and an
unsigned number, indicating if it cannot be answered with a specific representation.
1. (15 pts) What is the largest integer…
can u solve this question
1. Unsigned Integers
If we have an n-digit unsigned numeral dn-1d n-2...do in radix (or base) r, then the value of that
numeral is
n−1
r² di
Σi=0
which is basically saying that instead of a 10's or 100's place we have an r's or
r²'s place. For binary, decimal, and hex r equals 2, 10, and 16, respectively.
Just a reminder that in order to write down a large number, we typically use the IEC or SI
prefixing system:
IEC: Ki = 210, Mi = 220, Gi = 230, Ti = 240, Pi = 250, Ei = 260, Zi = 270, Yi = 280;
SI: K=103, M = 106, G = 109, T = 10¹², P = 1015, E = 10¹8, Z = 1021, Y = 1024.
1.1 Conversions
a. (15 pts) Write the following using IEC prefixes: 213, 223, 251, 272, 226, 244
21323 Ki8 Ki
223 23 Mi 8 Mi
b. (15 pts) Write the following using SI prefixes: 107, 10¹7, 10¹¹, 1022, 1026, 1015
107 10¹ M = 10 M
=
1017102 P = 100 P
c. (10 pts) Write the following with powers of 10: 7 K, 100 E, 21 G
7 K = 7*10³
Chapter 11 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1RQCh. 11 - What index should you create? Write the required...Ch. 11 - What is the focus of most performance-tuning...Ch. 11 - What are database statistics, and why are they...Ch. 11 - How are database statistics obtained?Ch. 11 - What database statistics measurements are typical...Ch. 11 - How is the processing of SQL DDL statements (such...Ch. 11 - In simple terms, the DBMS processes a query in...Ch. 11 - If indexes are so important, why not index every...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a rule-based...
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11RQCh. 11 - What are some general guidelines for creating and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13RQCh. 11 - Prob. 14RQCh. 11 - Prob. 15RQCh. 11 - SELECT SELECT EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_AREACODE,...Ch. 11 - Problem 1 and 2 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Using Table 11.4 as an example, create two...Ch. 11 - Problems 46 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 46 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6PCh. 11 - Problems 732 are based on the ER model shown in...Ch. 11 - Problems 732 are based on the ER model shown in...Ch. 11 - Problems 732 are based on the ER model shown in...Ch. 11 - Problems 732 are based on the ER model shown in...Ch. 11 - Problems 1114 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 1114 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 1114 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 1114 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 15 and 16 are based on the following...Ch. 11 - Problems 15 and 16 are based on the following...Ch. 11 - Problems 1721 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 1721 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19PCh. 11 - Prob. 20PCh. 11 - Problems 1721 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - SELECT SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE,...Ch. 11 - Problems 2224 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 2224 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 25 and 26 are based on the following...Ch. 11 - Problems 25 and 26 are based on the following...Ch. 11 - Prob. 27PCh. 11 - Problems 27 and 28 are based on the following...Ch. 11 - Problems 2932 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 2932 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 2932 are based on the following query:...Ch. 11 - Problems 2932 are based on the following query:...
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