The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste. Concept introduction: Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 3CTQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.

Concept introduction:

Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.

Concept introduction:

Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 3CTQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.

Concept introduction:

Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.

Concept introduction:

Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 3CTQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.

Concept introduction:

Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.

Concept introduction:

Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 3CTQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.

Concept introduction:

Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.

Concept introduction:

Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 3CTQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.

Concept introduction:

Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.

Concept introduction:

Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 3CTQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.

Concept introduction:

Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 3CTQ

Summary Introduction

To explain:

The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.

Concept introduction:

Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.

Concept introduction:

Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.

Concept introduction:

Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 11.1 - Distinguish among the terms sterilization,...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2AYP Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3AYP Ch. 11.1 - Name four categories of cellular targets for...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 5AYP Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 6AYP Ch. 11.2 - Define thermal death time and thermal death point,...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 8AYP Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 9AYP Ch. 11.2 - Identify advantages and disadvantages of cold...

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