
Concept explainers
To explain:
The concepts of TDT and TDP along with one example of how these could be modified to produce food for humans that is microbial free retaining its taste.
Concept introduction:
Susceptibility of microbes to heat differs in different microbes. This factor contributes to the physical control of microbial growth using heat. Sterilization needs adequate temperature and exposure length for effective microbial control.
To determine:
The minimum TDTs for vegetative cells and endospores.
Concept introduction:
Bacterial endospores are considered the most resistant microbial forms due to their hard impenetrable covering. Endospores are resistant and dormant cells that can remain viable for many years. They are 18 times harder to kill as compared to their vegetative cells. Their destruction is the main goal of sterilization as their destruction would lead to all less resistant forms of microbes.

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Chapter 11 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
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