ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303090
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 3CT
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The type of nerve fiber in which the conduction of an action potential is most energy-efficient.
Introduction:
The action potential is passed from a neuron to another cell or neuron through signaling molecules. Synapse is a region where a neuron transmits chemical signals to another cell. The neuromuscular junction is a synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell. The action potential travels along the axon of the neuron to the axon terminal. The terminals of axon contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters relay signals between cells at a synapse.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardPlease fill in the blanks: A(n) ["action potential", "muscle twitch", "contraction"] consists of a wave of depolarization that moves along the plasma membrane of a neuron or a muscle fiber. This wave of depolarization is immediately followed by repolarization. Depolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "negative", "positive"] . Depolarization occurs when calcium channels open in the plasma membrane. Repolarization is when the cell's membrane potential becomes more ["resting", "positive", "negative"] , returning the cell to its resting potential. Repolarization occurs when ["calcium", "sodium", "potassium"] channels close and ["sodium", "calcium", "potassium"] channels open.arrow_forwardIs the resting membrane potential the bases of conduction in nerves and muscle fibers and the presecutors of contraction in muscles?arrow_forward
- In the figure to the left, name the 4 phases of the action potential (Note: you have to write in where phase 4 occurs). Describe what happens in each phase with a focus on Na+ and K+ flow through channels and the membrane potential. Discuss the importance of threshold. How does this relate to the concept of APs being all or none?arrow_forwardDraw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion channels in generating the different phases of the action potential. (Extra credit: How would opening voltage gated calcium channels upon depolarization affect the shape of the action potential if they have a relatively slow inactivation rate?)arrow_forwardDescribe in detail the function for three type of potentials seen in neurons and describe in detail the three types of potentials seen in neurons?arrow_forward
- Neurotransmitters, the chemicals used in signaling across synapses, can be either re-absorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron OR hydrolyzed after release by enzymes. Acetylcholine (ACh), the neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions, is broken down by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and then its component parts are re-absorbed. Sarin gas is an extremely dangerous neurotoxin that has been utilized in terrorism and chemical warfare. It is known as a "nerve gas" because it blocks AChE. Based on your understanding of the neuromuscular junction and hydrolitic enzymes, hypothesize how sarin gas le ads to paralysis and nerve damage in the people to whom it is exposed.arrow_forwardDescribe the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers (Be Specific). Why is the speed of signal conduction faster in myelinated fibers?arrow_forwardA True OUTSIDE CELL This cell is at rest. False INSIDE CELL C D T Earrow_forward
- Identify the important physiological structures involved in action potential; then, explain in detail how one nerve action potential causes one muscle action potential.arrow_forwardConsider three alpha-motor neurons of different sizes: small, medium and large. All three neurons receive input from the same excitatory interneuron. When the interneuron fires action potentials at low frequency, only one alpha motor neuron fires action potentials. As the action potential frequency of the interneuron increases, two alpha-motor neurons are recruited, and at maximum frequency, all three are recruited. In what order would the three alpha-motor neurons have been recruited? Large first, then medium, then small. Small first, then medium, then large. Medium first, then small, then large. Medium first, then large, then small.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true with regards to the differences between a neuromuscular junction, and a standard central nervous system (CNS) synapse? Select all that apply. O The neuromuscular junction is a synapse between a neuron (alpha motor neuron) and a muscle fibre. CNS synapses connect two neurons. The graded potential generated by a neuromuscular junction has a much larger voltage than that of a CNS synapse. The structure of the neuromuscular junction ensures that an action potential in the alpha motor neuron always results in an action potential in the post-synaptic muscle fibre. CNS synapses do not guarantee this. The neuromuscular junction always uses Acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter, whereas CNS synapses may use a variety of neurotransmitters depending on their location and functionarrow_forward
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