ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303090
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 11, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason behind the contraction of smooth muscles without any external stimulation.
Introduction:
Smooth muscle is an involuntary and non-striated muscle that lines the circulatory system, and
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
You know from experience that skeletal muscle tires quite quickly, especially if there is not enough oxygen. Interestingly, shellfish such as clams can maintain a month-long contraction in the muscle that keeps the shell closed. No oxygen gets in this situation. These muscles have a different version of myosin called paramyosin. Knowing what you know about the cellular mechanism of muscle contraction, propose a hypothesis to explain how paramyosin might work.
Calmodulin is found in smooth muscle cells and performs a similar function to troponin in striated muscle fibers. However, calmodulin not only gets activated by Ca2+ but also slows the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. How might this difference relate to the different kinds of contractions smooth muscles do in comparison to striated muscles?
On a microscopic scale, explain how muscle fibers move in order to make a muscle shorter?
Explain why when we die our muscles contract into a state called rigor mortis.
Chapter 11 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.2-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Suppose a substance were to prevent calcium ions from being returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a skeletal muscle cell. Predict how a muscle cell would respond to being exposed to the supposed compound after a single stimulus by the motor neuronarrow_forwardUse the following information to answer the next question: In a classic experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that sends a message to a muscle fibre is suspended. One end is attached to the muscle fibre, and the free end of the muscle fibre is attached to a mass. If an electrical stimulus is sufficient to cause an impulse in the neuron, the muscle will contract and lift the mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle (g) 1 2 10 3 10 4 Analyze the data and answer the following questions: 1. a. Define threshold potential and illustrate your definition with a specific example. What is the minimum stimulus required to reach the threshold potential for this neuron? Answer: Explain the all-or-none response. Predict the mass that could be lifted at 4 mV of stimuli. Explain your answer. b. Answer: Choose a specific example of a sensory receptor, and…arrow_forwardIn what ways does the neural control of smooth muscle activity differ from that of skeletal muscle? Describe how a stimulus may lead to the contraction of a smooth muscle cell without a change in the plasma membrane potential. Describe the differences between single-unit and multiunit smooth muscles. cite your referencesarrow_forward
- Why would skeletal muscle be unsuitable for the wall of the urinary bladder? Explain how this illustrates the complementarity of form and function at a cellular and molecular level.arrow_forwardFor this question you may use either a neuron or a skeletal muscle fiber (but not both) to answer. In words and/or figures, describe how the binding of a neurontransmitter to its receptor eventually leads to a mechanical event (neurotransmitter release or skeletal muscle contraction). In other words, describe the steps involved in either muscle contraction or nerve conduction. Remember: You may either 1) type your answer here, 2) type in a separate file and upload the file here with or without additional images or 3) write your answer on a separate sheet of paper, scan or screenshot an image of your response and upload the file here.arrow_forwardWhich characteristic or component is NOT shared by skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle? I. Electrical coupling between cells II. Thick and thin filaments arranged in sarcomeres III. troponin IV. Spontaneous depola membrane potentialarrow_forward
- For a skeletal muscle to remain rigidly contracted, it needs a continual supply of ATP. Yet, when a skeletal muscle runs out of ATP (in a corpse), it becomes rigid. How can you explain this seeming paradox? Explain how skeletal muscle may remain relaxed even if ATP levels are high.arrow_forwardPredict what might happen to a muscle cell that is extensible but not elastic. What if the reverse were true— a muscle cell is elastic but not extensible?arrow_forwardBased on what you know about the neuromuscular junction and muscle contraction, describe very specifically how Botox injections cause localized muscle weakness/paralysis.arrow_forward
- If a muscle cell’s sarcoplasmic reticulum had little to no Ca2+, could the muscle cell still produce an electrical impulse, and would the muscle cell still contract? Explain.arrow_forwardSuppose theres a drug that works towards blocking the entry of calcium from the extracellular fluid. Select what would happen to the skeletal muscle contractions and the contractions of smooth muscles if these were stimulated to contract under this drug. 1- The skeletal muscle would be unable to contract/ the smooth muscle would have no change 2-The skeletal muscle contractions would decrease but would still contract/ the smooth muscle contraction decreases but still contracts 3-The skeletal muscle contractions would decrease but still contract/ the smooth muscles would not contract 4-No change in the skeletal muscle contraction/ the smooth muscle contractions decrease but still contract 5- No change in skeletal muscle contraction/ the smooth muscle is unable to contractarrow_forwardWhich statement about striated skeletal muscle is true? A. The tension generated by a muscle is invariable. B. Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch. C. A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch. D. Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials. E. An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Types of Human Body Tissue; Author: MooMooMath and Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0ZvbPak4ck;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY