Chapter 11, Problem 26P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The mechanism that prevents the end-to-end fusion of chromosomes.

Introduction:

The chromosomes are condensed structures that are formed during the early phases of cell division from the loose network of chromatin thread and then regain their original structure after being divided into daughter cells.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The effect of X-rays on the chromosomal fragments.

Introduction:

Meiosis, also known as the reductional division, is the second type of cell division that takes place in eukaryotes. The cell division is marked by a decrease in the chromosome number to half. This type of cell division allows the recombination of the genes on the chromosomes to produce a zygote. The two diploid cells undergo division to produce four haploid daughter cells.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The reason due to which chromosomal fusion act as a bridge during mitosis.

Introduction:

The mitosis is divided into four stages that are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Anaphase is the third stage of mitosis where the centromeres split and carry chromosomes to their respective poles through attachment with spindle fibres.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The events that take place during mitotic anaphase on the chromosomal fragment.

Introduction:

Anaphase is the stage in meiosis and mitosis which is characterized by the separation of the two arms of the chromosomes due to the contraction of spindle fibres and then moves the chromosomes at respective poles from where they can be distributed to separate cells during telophase.