Chapter 11, Problem 24PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The increasing stability of the given molecule should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Stability of Radicals: Radicals are highly unstable due to its unpaired valence electron of an atom.

Inductive effect: An inductive effect is polarization of σ bonds which is depends on the electronegativity of the molecule.

Hyperconjugation effect: hyperconjugation is the interaction of the electrons in a sigma bond (usually C–H or C–C) with an adjacent empty (or partially filled) non-bonding p-orbital, antibonding σ or π orbital, or filled π orbital, to give an extended molecular orbital that increases the stability of the system.

The increasing order of radical stability is given below

Benzylic > allylic > tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl