The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined. Conceptual introduction: The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding. The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction. The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction. The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction. To determine: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined.

Conceptual introduction:

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction.

The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction.

The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction.

To determine:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine is methylamine and the reasons for the same are stated below.

Explanation of Solution

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom compared to hydrogen. Therefore, there exist the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen of one ammonia molecule and the hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Thus, the liquification of ammonia gas is easier.

According to the given data, methylamine is liquefied more easily than ammonia, since, the boiling point of ammonia is less than that of methylamine.

Therefore, the interaction between the two methylamine molecules is stronger than that between two ammonia molecules.

The reason for this is that the interaction between the two methylamine molecules other than hydrogen bonding exist, that is, van der Waals forces. This is due to the hydrophobic regions of the two different molecules and the dipole-dipole interaction present between the carbon and the nitrogen atom in a molecule.

The solubility of a salt of methyl ammine is stronger than that of ammonia, since in methylammonium ion, the positive charge is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the methyl group. This effect is absent in an ammonium ion.

The pKa of protonated ammonia and protonated methylamine is 9.26 and 10.66 , respectively.

Therefore, ammonia is less basic than methylamine. This is due to the inductive effect of methyl group that pushes electrons to extract a proton much easily. This effect is absent in ammonia.

Conclusion

Methylamine has stronger intermolecular force of attraction between its two molecule compared to that of ammonia.

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1,4-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene can undergo 1,2- or 1,4-addition with hydrogen halides. (a) 1,2-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,2-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,2-addition product formed during the reaction in (i)? (b) 1,4-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,4-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,4-addition product formed from the reaction in (i)? (c) What is the kinetic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobromic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (d) What is the thermodynamic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobro-mic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (e) What major product will result when 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is treated with one mole of hydrobromic acid at - 78 deg * C ? Explain your reasoning.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined.

Conceptual introduction:

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction.

The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction.

The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction.

To determine:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine is methylamine and the reasons for the same are stated below.

Explanation of Solution

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom compared to hydrogen. Therefore, there exist the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen of one ammonia molecule and the hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Thus, the liquification of ammonia gas is easier.

According to the given data, methylamine is liquefied more easily than ammonia, since, the boiling point of ammonia is less than that of methylamine.

Therefore, the interaction between the two methylamine molecules is stronger than that between two ammonia molecules.

The reason for this is that the interaction between the two methylamine molecules other than hydrogen bonding exist, that is, van der Waals forces. This is due to the hydrophobic regions of the two different molecules and the dipole-dipole interaction present between the carbon and the nitrogen atom in a molecule.

The solubility of a salt of methyl ammine is stronger than that of ammonia, since in methylammonium ion, the positive charge is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the methyl group. This effect is absent in an ammonium ion.

The pKa of protonated ammonia and protonated methylamine is 9.26 and 10.66 , respectively.

Therefore, ammonia is less basic than methylamine. This is due to the inductive effect of methyl group that pushes electrons to extract a proton much easily. This effect is absent in ammonia.

Conclusion

Methylamine has stronger intermolecular force of attraction between its two molecule compared to that of ammonia.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined.

Conceptual introduction:

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction.

The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction.

The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction.

To determine:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine is methylamine and the reasons for the same are stated below.

Explanation of Solution

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom compared to hydrogen. Therefore, there exist the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen of one ammonia molecule and the hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Thus, the liquification of ammonia gas is easier.

According to the given data, methylamine is liquefied more easily than ammonia, since, the boiling point of ammonia is less than that of methylamine.

Therefore, the interaction between the two methylamine molecules is stronger than that between two ammonia molecules.

The reason for this is that the interaction between the two methylamine molecules other than hydrogen bonding exist, that is, van der Waals forces. This is due to the hydrophobic regions of the two different molecules and the dipole-dipole interaction present between the carbon and the nitrogen atom in a molecule.

The solubility of a salt of methyl ammine is stronger than that of ammonia, since in methylammonium ion, the positive charge is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the methyl group. This effect is absent in an ammonium ion.

The pKa of protonated ammonia and protonated methylamine is 9.26 and 10.66 , respectively.

Therefore, ammonia is less basic than methylamine. This is due to the inductive effect of methyl group that pushes electrons to extract a proton much easily. This effect is absent in ammonia.

Conclusion

Methylamine has stronger intermolecular force of attraction between its two molecule compared to that of ammonia.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined.

Conceptual introduction:

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction.

The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction.

The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction.

To determine:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine is methylamine and the reasons for the same are stated below.

Explanation of Solution

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom compared to hydrogen. Therefore, there exist the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen of one ammonia molecule and the hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Thus, the liquification of ammonia gas is easier.

According to the given data, methylamine is liquefied more easily than ammonia, since, the boiling point of ammonia is less than that of methylamine.

Therefore, the interaction between the two methylamine molecules is stronger than that between two ammonia molecules.

The reason for this is that the interaction between the two methylamine molecules other than hydrogen bonding exist, that is, van der Waals forces. This is due to the hydrophobic regions of the two different molecules and the dipole-dipole interaction present between the carbon and the nitrogen atom in a molecule.

The solubility of a salt of methyl ammine is stronger than that of ammonia, since in methylammonium ion, the positive charge is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the methyl group. This effect is absent in an ammonium ion.

The pKa of protonated ammonia and protonated methylamine is 9.26 and 10.66 , respectively.

Therefore, ammonia is less basic than methylamine. This is due to the inductive effect of methyl group that pushes electrons to extract a proton much easily. This effect is absent in ammonia.

Conclusion

Methylamine has stronger intermolecular force of attraction between its two molecule compared to that of ammonia.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined.

Conceptual introduction:

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction.

The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction.

The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction.

To determine:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine is methylamine and the reasons for the same are stated below.

Explanation of Solution

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom compared to hydrogen. Therefore, there exist the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen of one ammonia molecule and the hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Thus, the liquification of ammonia gas is easier.

According to the given data, methylamine is liquefied more easily than ammonia, since, the boiling point of ammonia is less than that of methylamine.

Therefore, the interaction between the two methylamine molecules is stronger than that between two ammonia molecules.

The reason for this is that the interaction between the two methylamine molecules other than hydrogen bonding exist, that is, van der Waals forces. This is due to the hydrophobic regions of the two different molecules and the dipole-dipole interaction present between the carbon and the nitrogen atom in a molecule.

The solubility of a salt of methyl ammine is stronger than that of ammonia, since in methylammonium ion, the positive charge is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the methyl group. This effect is absent in an ammonium ion.

The pKa of protonated ammonia and protonated methylamine is 9.26 and 10.66 , respectively.

Therefore, ammonia is less basic than methylamine. This is due to the inductive effect of methyl group that pushes electrons to extract a proton much easily. This effect is absent in ammonia.

Conclusion

Methylamine has stronger intermolecular force of attraction between its two molecule compared to that of ammonia.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined.

Conceptual introduction:

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction.

The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction.

The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction.

To determine:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine is methylamine and the reasons for the same are stated below.

Explanation of Solution

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom compared to hydrogen. Therefore, there exist the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen of one ammonia molecule and the hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Thus, the liquification of ammonia gas is easier.

According to the given data, methylamine is liquefied more easily than ammonia, since, the boiling point of ammonia is less than that of methylamine.

Therefore, the interaction between the two methylamine molecules is stronger than that between two ammonia molecules.

The reason for this is that the interaction between the two methylamine molecules other than hydrogen bonding exist, that is, van der Waals forces. This is due to the hydrophobic regions of the two different molecules and the dipole-dipole interaction present between the carbon and the nitrogen atom in a molecule.

The solubility of a salt of methyl ammine is stronger than that of ammonia, since in methylammonium ion, the positive charge is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the methyl group. This effect is absent in an ammonium ion.

The pKa of protonated ammonia and protonated methylamine is 9.26 and 10.66 , respectively.

Therefore, ammonia is less basic than methylamine. This is due to the inductive effect of methyl group that pushes electrons to extract a proton much easily. This effect is absent in ammonia.

Conclusion

Methylamine has stronger intermolecular force of attraction between its two molecule compared to that of ammonia.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 1DE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction between ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same is to be determined. Also, based on the reasons, list the other experiment that is done with these molecules to test the same hypothesis is to be determined.

Conceptual introduction:

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

The force of attraction between the same atoms of different molecules is called van der Waals force of attraction.

The force of attraction between the charged ion and a polar compound is called ionic-dipole interaction.

The force of attraction between the two polar compounds is called as dipole-dipole interaction.

To determine:

The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine and the reasons for the same.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The molecule that has a stronger force of attraction from ammonia and methylamine is methylamine and the reasons for the same are stated below.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

The force of attraction between the hydrogen and an electronegative atom is called hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom compared to hydrogen. Therefore, there exist the hydrogen bonding interaction between the nitrogen of one ammonia molecule and the hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Thus, the liquification of ammonia gas is easier.

According to the given data, methylamine is liquefied more easily than ammonia, since, the boiling point of ammonia is less than that of methylamine.

Therefore, the interaction between the two methylamine molecules is stronger than that between two ammonia molecules.

The reason for this is that the interaction between the two methylamine molecules other than hydrogen bonding exist, that is, van der Waals forces. This is due to the hydrophobic regions of the two different molecules and the dipole-dipole interaction present between the carbon and the nitrogen atom in a molecule.

The solubility of a salt of methyl ammine is stronger than that of ammonia, since in methylammonium ion, the positive charge is stabilized by the positive inductive effect of the methyl group. This effect is absent in an ammonium ion.

The pKa of protonated ammonia and protonated methylamine is 9.26 and 10.66 , respectively.

Therefore, ammonia is less basic than methylamine. This is due to the inductive effect of methyl group that pushes electrons to extract a proton much easily. This effect is absent in ammonia.