BIOCHEMISTRY (LL)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337805100
Author: Campbell
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 11, Problem 15RE
REFLECT AND APPLY What role does an operon play in the synthesis of enzymes in prokaryotes?
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The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactatein skeletal muscle cells using NAD/NADH during anaerobic “balanced” fermentation.Answer the following questions about this reaction.
(a) Write out the two reductive half reactions and indicate the E ̊' for each half reaction. Write out the full balanced reaction for the pyruvate to lactate rxn and indicate the ∆E ̊' for the reaction.
(b) What is the free energy change under standard state conditions for thisreaction? Which direction is spontaneous?(c) Assume that in skeletal muscle cells the ratio of [NAD+] to [NADH] is 100, and that the[pyruvate] = 0.40 mM and [lactate] = 4.0 mM. What is the free energy change (∆G')for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? Indicate the direction in which the reactionis spontaneous under these cellular conditions.
Why did the authors worry about the temperature-dependent solubility of the carriers in thebilayer? How did the authors determine whether the effect of freezing the lipid bilayer wasto decrease the solubility of the carriers (nonactin and valinomycin) or whether the effectwas to impair their ability to diffuse through the membrane (decrease their mobility)?
Kranse et. al. measured the temperature dependence of conductance using membranescontaining the phospholipids glyceryl dipalmitate and glyceryl distearate. Describe themodifications in membrane content that you would employ to:
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Chapter 11 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LL)
Ch. 11 - RECALL What is the difference in the requirement...Ch. 11 - RECALL List three important properties of RNA...Ch. 11 - RECALL What is the subunit composition of E. coli...Ch. 11 - RECALL What is the difference between the core...Ch. 11 - RECALL What are the different terms used to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6RECh. 11 - RECALL Put the following in linear order: UP...Ch. 11 - RECALL Distinguish between rho-dependent...Ch. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY Diagram a section of DNA being...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RE
Ch. 11 - RECALL What is a s factor? Why is it important in...Ch. 11 - RECALL What is the difference between 70 and 32?Ch. 11 - RECALL What is the function of the catabolite...Ch. 11 - RECALL What is transcription attenuation?Ch. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY What role does an operon play in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RECh. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY Give an example of a system in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18RECh. 11 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS What is an aptamer?Ch. 11 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS What is a riboswitch?Ch. 11 - Prob. 21RECh. 11 - Prob. 22RECh. 11 - Prob. 23RECh. 11 - RECALL What are some of the main differences...Ch. 11 - RECALL What are the products of the reactions of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26RECh. 11 - RECALL List the Pol II general transcription...Ch. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY What are the functions of TFIIH?Ch. 11 - Prob. 29RECh. 11 - Prob. 30RECh. 11 - Prob. 31RECh. 11 - Prob. 32RECh. 11 - Prob. 33RECh. 11 - Prob. 34RECh. 11 - Prob. 35RECh. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY Explain the relationship between...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37RECh. 11 - Prob. 38RECh. 11 - Prob. 39RECh. 11 - Prob. 40RECh. 11 - Prob. 41RECh. 11 - Prob. 42RECh. 11 - Prob. 43RECh. 11 - RECALL What are the two main circumstances...Ch. 11 - Prob. 45RECh. 11 - Prob. 46RECh. 11 - Prob. 47RECh. 11 - Prob. 48RECh. 11 - Prob. 49RECh. 11 - Prob. 50RECh. 11 - Prob. 51RECh. 11 - Prob. 52RECh. 11 - Prob. 53RECh. 11 - RECALL What is RNA interference?Ch. 11 - Prob. 55RECh. 11 - Prob. 56RECh. 11 - Prob. 57RECh. 11 - Prob. 58RECh. 11 - Prob. 59RECh. 11 - Prob. 60RECh. 11 - Prob. 61RECh. 11 - Prob. 62RECh. 11 - Prob. 63RECh. 11 - Prob. 64RECh. 11 - RECALL List several ways in which RNA is processed...Ch. 11 - Prob. 66RECh. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is a trimming process...Ch. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY List three molecular changes...Ch. 11 - Prob. 69RECh. 11 - Prob. 70RECh. 11 - Prob. 71RECh. 11 - Prob. 72RECh. 11 - Prob. 73RECh. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY Outline a mechanism by which RNA...Ch. 11 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why are proteins more effective...Ch. 11 - Prob. 76RECh. 11 - Prob. 77RECh. 11 - Prob. 78RECh. 11 - Prob. 79RECh. 11 - Prob. 80RE
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