A chemical called dioxin is produced as a by-product of some chemical manufacturing processes. This substance was present in Agent Orange, a defoliant sprayed on vegetation during the Vietnam War. There has been a continuing controversy over its effects on soldiers exposed to it during the war. Animal tests have suggested that dioxin can be lethal and can cause birth defects, cancer, organ damage, and immune system suppression. But its effects on humans are unclear, and even animal tests are inconclusive. Researchers have discovered that dioxin enters a cell and binds to a protein that in turn attaches to the cell’s DNA. How might this mechanism help explain the variety of dioxin’s effects? How might you determine whether a particular individual became ill as a result of exposure to dioxin?
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Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
- 45) Following a hike in the woods, you encounter an angry rattlesnake as you are approaching your car. Not knowing it was there, you stepped on its tail and it proceeded to bite you. Luckily you were close to the hospital and a fellow hiker drove you there. Once there, you were given an antivenom serum, which the doctor explained as an immunoglobulin made by sheep but injected into human snake bite victims. What type of process is this describing? A) Naturally acquired passive immunity B) Naturally acquired active immunity C) Artificially acquired passive immunity D) Artificially acquired active immunityarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a DNA element that instructs RNA polymerase where to bind on DNA?a) Operatorb) Promoterc) Enhancerd) Hormone response elementarrow_forwarda) 5'-ATGGGCTCGCACTCATAA-3' b) 5'-ATGGTCTCGAACTCATAA-3' c) 5'-ATGGGCTCGAACTCATAA-3' d) 5'-ATGGGCTCGAACACATAA-3' e) 5'-ATGGGCTCGAATTCATAA-3' Excuse me, the answer you shows to me is not appear in the five options.arrow_forward
- What is meant by the statement "genes are not autonomous agents"?arrow_forwardBio-sensor is a device consisting of immobilized layer of biological material such as_______.a) Enzyme, antibody, hormone, nucleic acids b) Enzyme, gene, antigen, hormone c) Nucleic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid d) Hormone, nucleic acid, enzyme, gene.arrow_forwardAn enriched medium containing salts, glucose, proteins and vitamins was made and a commercially available animal cell line was introduced. However, the cells began dying. What could be the reason behind it?arrow_forward
- A) Draw a FtsZ mutant cell.B) Draw a MinD mutant cell.C) Draw a MinE mutant cell.arrow_forwardI read that vinyl chloride exposure is associated with an increased risk of a rare form of liver cancer (hepatic angiosarcoma), as well as brain and lung cancers, lymphoma, and leukemia. But my question is what gene(s) are being mutated by this type of taxic gas?arrow_forwardResearchers use a technique call RNA interference to knock down (i.e. not completely gone) the Bcl-2 gene in the amygdala of lab animals. What cellular response would you expect to occur? Question 1 options: A) An increase in apoptosis; many cells in the area would die B) An increase in axon regrowth after injury C) A decrease in cytochrome c levels released from the mitochondria D) A decrease in glial cell infiltration after injuryarrow_forward
- RNA are short-lived A) True B) Falsearrow_forwardHIV, the virus that causes AIDS, depends on an enzyme called reverse transcriptase two multiply. Reverse transcriptase reads a molecule of RNA and creates a molecule of DNA from it. A molecule of AZT, an anti-AIDS drug, has a shape very similar to ( but a bit different than) that of the DNA base thymine. Proposed a model for how AZT Inhibits HIV.arrow_forwardYou are designing a medical device to collect Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA, MW = 180,000 g mol^-1), a tumor marker, from patients in order to create a personalized cancer vaccine. In this medical device, the cellular components of the blood are removed from the plasma. The plasma then flows into an extraction chamber. Within this chamber, the fluid flow divides into 48,000 10-cm long tubes with an inside diameter of 175 um. The surface of each tube is coated with a material that very rapidly adsorbs CEA. Plasma containing 6.1 ug m1^-1 of CEA flows into the chamber at 125 ml min^-1. Assume that the fluids are at body temperature (37°C). The viscosity and density of water at 37°C are 0.691 cP and 0.993 g/ cm^3, respectively. The diffusivity of CEA inside the extraction chamber is 6.1 x 10^-6 cm^2/s and the mass transfer coefficient for CEA inside the device is: k = 1.25 x 10^-5 cm s^-1. •If you run the extraction for 1 hour and extract 31.7 mg of CEA, what must be the concentration of…arrow_forward