Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296012
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 11TYK
A mutation in a single gene may cause a major change in the body of a fruit fly, such as an extra pair of legs or wings. Yet it probably takes the combined action of hundreds or thousands of genes to produce a wing or leg. How can a change in just one gene cause such a big change in the body?
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Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways:(1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body.(2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body.If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development.
A) acquired
B) inherited
C) silent
D) transition
Synpolydactyly is an abnormality characterized by webbing between partially or completely duplicated fingers or toes (Figure 18.15). The same mutations that cause the human phenotype give rise to a similar phenotype in mice. In what family of genes do you think these mutations occur?
You are working in a lab that studies stickleback fish. These fish normally have three spines that occur on the back of the stickleback. One day you notice that a young stickleback has no spines on its back but instead has three spines growing out of the top of its head! (answer both questions)
question 1: A mutation in what type of gene is probably the cause of this unusual situation? Why?
question #2: would you expect the proteins that make the spines to be different in the mutant fish compared to a wildtype fish. Why or why not?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Complete the following concept map to test your...Ch. 11 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 2. Which of the...Ch. 11 - A homeotic gene does which of the following? a. It...Ch. 11 - Which of the following is a valid difference...Ch. 11 - The control of gene expression is more complex in...Ch. 11 - Your bone cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look...Ch. 11 - All your cells contain proto-oncogenes, which can...Ch. 11 - You obtain an egg cell from the ovary of a white...Ch. 11 - Mutations can alter the function of the lac operon...Ch. 11 - It took three sheep to create the clone Dolly: A...
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- One unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a single gene can be responsible for multiple distinct disorders. For example, mutations in the RET gene can cause two different types of multiple endocrine neoplasias, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirschsprung disease. How do you think mutations in a single gene can have such diverse effects?arrow_forwardMutations in DNA may or may not result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. In which of the following situations will a mutation appear in the phenotype of an individual? The mutation occurs in an organism which is past reproductive age The genetic code for protein synthesis has not been altered in a gamete producing cell The mutation occurs in a body cell of the organism, resulting in cancer O The mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein in a gamete producing cellarrow_forwardIn humans, the AMY1 gene produces the enzyme amylase in cells of the salivary glands. Amylase breaks down starch (a polysaccharide) into the sugar maltose (a disaccharide). People from cultures with diets high in starch produce more amylase than people from cultures with diets low in starch because of a mutation in the AMY1 gene. Explain in two to three sentences why the frequency of this AMY1 mutation would have increased in frequency in populations with a high starch diet.arrow_forward
- What is the last name of the scientist who discovered that x-rays can increase the rate of mutation in fruit flies?arrow_forwardScientists look at thousands of mutagenized flies, one at a time, under a microscope. They are looking for flies that don't look like they have developed normally. They find a remarkable fly with an extra thorax and a complete extra set of wings. This is an example of: A crazy waste of time A forward genetic screen A reverse genetic screenarrow_forwardWhen the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in the human cells that there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?arrow_forward
- Original DNA Sequence: TACAC CTTGG CGACGACT... MRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Mutated DNA Sequence #5 TACACCTT G G GACGACT... (Highlight the change) What's the mRNA sequence? What will be the amino acid sequence? Will there likely be effects? What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait? 2. Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequence? 3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? NOarrow_forwardWhat is the most likely method by which a gene produces red eyes in fruit flies? the gene codes for an enzyme that changes a colorless chemical into a red chemical in the cells of the eye the gene codes for an enzyme that is red a mutation changes the coding sequence of the gene so that it codes for a red protein instead of a white protein the gene codes for a chemical that is red in colorarrow_forwardWhich type of mutation is simulated in the following example? Wild type: THE ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE Mutant: THE ONE BUG FLY HAD ONE RED EYEarrow_forward
- Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. So why do we still use X-rays in medicine anyway? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardPierce and his wife Shirley have a daughter named Annie. When Annie is 15 years old, Pierce develops motor movement malfunction and cognitive losses. Pierce is diagnosed with Huntington's Disease. Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic disorder, with onset in middle age resulting in a progressive loss of muscular and psychiatric control, ultimately leading to death. There is no cure for HD and Annie has about a 50% chance of having the same mutation. Should Annie's parents tell her about the diagnosis and/or should she undergo testing? Tell me whether you think they should or shouldn't.arrow_forwardMutagens, when introduced to the body can always cause cancer. Is this statement true? Select the correct response: No. Mutagens do not necessarily, directly equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. Mutagens can be limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in the genetic make- up of the organism involved. Though some mutagens are considered as carcinogens, not all mutagens can lead to cancer. Yes. The terms can be used interchangeably even in the medical field. Yes. Mutagens does equate to the cause of cancer. A cancer is usually caused by a substance called carcinogen that increases the probability of inducing a tumor. However, mutagens is not only limited to the result of spontaneous or induced mutations that causes changes and/or errors in the coding and reading of the DNA strand and in…arrow_forward
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