
To:
(a) Calculate the empirical formula of xanthotoxin.
(b) Calculate molar mass and molecular formula of xanthotoxin.

Answer to Problem 11.96QA
Solution:
(a) Empirical formula of xanthotoxin is C3H2O
(b) Molar mass of xanthotoxin is
Explanation of Solution
1) Concept:
Part a) we are calculating the empirical formula using given masses of CO2 and H2O.
Part b) the freezing point depression formula can be used to find number of moles of solute (xanthotoxin).
From moles and given mass in grams, we can find molar mass of xanthotoxin in g/mol. From empirical formula mass and the calculated molar mass, we can find molecular formula for xanthotoxin.
A mole is the SI unit of amount chemical substance. When writing units, it is written as “mol”.
2) Given
Part (a)
i.
ii.
iii.
Part (b)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
3) Formula
4) Calculations:
Part a) to find empirical formula of xanthotoxin
Step 1: From the mass of CO2 and H2O produce, we can find moles of C, H and O.
We would use molar mass of CO2 as a conversion factor to find moles of CO2. From moles of CO2, we would find moles of Carbon using the 1:1 mole ratio between the two.
We would use molar mass of H2O as a conversion factor to find moles of H2O. From moles of H2O we will find moles of H using the 1:2 mole ratios between H2O and H.
We find mass of Oxygen by subtracting mass of C and H from the sample. We use atomic weights of Carbon and Hydrogen to find mass in grams for each.
Mass of Carbon:
Mass of Hydrogen:
Combined mass of C and H:
As xanthotoxin contains only C, H and O, the sum of the masses of C, H and O will be equal to the given mass of xanthotoxin.
Finding moles of O using the atomic weight of O as a conversion factor as follows:
Step 2) Comparing moles of C, H and O, we observe that moles of O are the least. So, atoms of C, H and O are calculated by dividing each of the moles by least amount of moles.
Thus, the empirical formula for xanthotoxin is C3H2O.
Empirical formula mass for xanthotoxin is:
Part b)
Step 1) As we got that xanthotoxin contains only C, H and O, this suggests that the compound doesn’t dissociate into ions and therefore we can assume the van’t Hoff factor (i) for it as 1.
Step 2) Finding the molecular formula:
Where n represents number of formula units in the molecular formula
Conclusion:
Freezing point depression is a colligative property which is useful in determining the molecular formula of the solute in a solution. Using stoichiometry between a compound and its constituent elements, one can determine the empirical formula of any substance.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
- draw the enolate anion and the carbonyl that would be needed to make this product through an aldol addition reaction.arrow_forwardDraw the Michael Adduct and the final product of the Robinson annulation reaction. Ignore inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the Michael adduct and final product of the Robinson annulation reaction. Ignore inorganic byproductsarrow_forward
- Post Lab Questions. 1) Draw the mechanism of your Diels-Alder cycloaddition. 2) Only one isomer of product is formed in the Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Why? 3) Imagine that you used isoprene as diene - in that case you don't have to worry about assigning endo vs exo. Draw the "endo" and "exo" products of the Diels-Alder reaction between isoprene and maleic anhydride, and explain why the distinction is irrelevant here. 4) This does not hold for other dienes. Draw the exo and endo products of the reaction of cyclohexadiene with maleic anhydride. Make sure you label your answers properly as endo or exo. 100 °C Xylenes ??? 5) Calculate the process mass intensity for your specific reaction (make sure to use your actual amounts of reagent).arrow_forwardIndicate the product(s) A, B C and D that are formed in the reaction: H + NH-NH-CH [A+B] [C+D] hydrazonesarrow_forwardHow can you prepare a 6 mL solution of 6% H2O2, if we have a bottle of 30% H2O2?arrow_forward
- How many mL of H2O2 from the 30% bottle must be collected to prepare 6 mL of 6% H2O2.arrow_forwardIndicate the product(s) B and C that are formed in the reaction: HN' OCH HC1 B + mayoritario C minoritario OCH3arrow_forwardIndicate the product(s) that are formed in the reaction: NH-NH, OCH3 -H₂O OCH3arrow_forward
- 21.38 Arrange the molecules in each set in order of increasing acidity (from least acidic to most acidic). OH OH SH NH2 8 NH3 OH (b) OH OH OH (c) & & & CH3 NO2 21.39 Explain the trends in the acidity of phenol and the monofluoro derivatives of phenol. OH OH OH OH PK 10.0 PK 8.81 PK 9.28 PK 9.81arrow_forwardidentify which spectrum is for acetaminophen and which is for phenacetinarrow_forwardThe Concept of Aromaticity 21.15 State the number of 2p orbital electrons in each molecule or ion. (a) (b) (e) (f) (c) (d) (h) (i) DA (k) 21.16 Which of the molecules and ions given in Problem 21.15 are aromatic according to the Hückel criteria? Which, if planar, would be antiaromatic? 21.17 Which of the following structures are considered aromatic according to the Hückel criteria? ---0-0 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (h) H -H .8.0- 21.18 Which of the molecules and ions from Problem 21.17 have electrons donated by a heteroatom?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





