Chapter 11, Problem 11.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The most suitable solvent among pyridine and acetic acid has to be identified for titration of a weak base with $HCl{O}_4.$

Concept Introduction:

Levelling effect is observed in case of solvation of acids or base in a solvent.  Thus levelling effect is a phenomenon exhibited by solvents when an acid or base is dissolved in it.

Water forms $H_3{O}^{+}$ ion which is known as hydronium ion and it is formed when lone pair electron on the Oxygen atom is lost to bond with the proton.  Hydronium ion is also behaves as acid as it is capable of losing the proton during the course of reaction.

Any acid that is said to behave stronger acid than hydronium ion, when dissolved in water, forms hydronium ion with water that the strength of the acid is ‘levelled’ to that of the water.

Similarly $O{H}^{-}$ ion is the strongest base in water.  Any other base stronger than $O{H}^{-}$ ion when dissolved in water its strength is levelled to that of $O{H}^{-}$ ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The most suitable solvent among pyridine and acetic acid has to be identified for titration of a weak acid with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.

Concept Introduction:

Levelling effect is observed in case of solvation of acids or base in a solvent.  Thus levelling effect is a phenomenon exhibited by solvents when an acid or base is dissolved in it.

Water forms $H_3{O}^{+}$ ion which is known as hydronium ion and it is formed when lone pair electron on the Oxygen atom is lost to bond with the proton.  Hydronium ion is also behaves as acid as it is capable of losing the proton during the course of reaction.

Any acid that is said to behave stronger acid than hydronium ion, when dissolved in water, forms hydronium ion with water that the strength of the acid is ‘levelled’ to that of the water.

Similarly $O{H}^{-}$ ion is the strongest base in water.  Any other base stronger than $O{H}^{-}$ ion when dissolved in water its strength is levelled to that of $O{H}^{-}$ ion.