(a)
Interpretation:
The number of sigma bonds in isoniazid is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The sigma bond is the covalent bond that is formed by the axial overlap of orbitals. This can be either bonding or anti-bonding interaction. Bonding interaction takes place when there is an overlap of orbitals in the same phase and antibonding interaction occurs when the orbital overlap in opposite phase. It is a very strong bond.
(b)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of carbon and nitrogen in isoniazid is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.
Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.
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