Chapter 11.1, Problem 11.1BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of the central atom in nitrogen dioxide $\left({\text{NO}}_2\right)$ is to be determined. Also, partial orbital diagrams that show the mixing of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.

The partial orbital diagram is the one that shows the distribution of electrons in the valence shell only.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of the central atom in phosphorus trichloride $\left({\text{PCl}}_3\right)$ is to be determined. Also, partial orbital diagrams that show the mixing of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.

The partial orbital diagram is the one that shows the distribution of electrons in the valence shell only.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of the central atom in bromine pentafluoride $\left({\text{BrF}}_5\right)$ is to be determined. Also, partial orbital diagrams that show the mixing of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbital is the wave function that is used to find the probability to find an electron around the nucleus of an atom. It is the space around the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are supposed to be found.

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital.

The partial orbital diagram is the one that shows the distribution of electrons in the valence shell only.