CHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF) >CUSTOM<
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781264348992
Author: Chang
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 11.33QP
Define the following terms: crystalline solid, lattice point, unit cell, coordination number, closest packing.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
CHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF) >CUSTOM<
Ch. 11.2 - Name the type(s) of intermolecular forces that...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2PECh. 11.2 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 11.2 - Which of the following compounds is most likely to...Ch. 11.3 - Why are motorists advised to use more viscous oils...Ch. 11.4 - When silver crystallizes, it forms face-centered...Ch. 11.4 - Tungsten crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11.4 - Cerium forms face-centered cubic cells when it...Ch. 11.5 - X rays of wavelength 0.154 nm are diffracted from...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 1RCF
Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 2RCFCh. 11.6 - Prob. 5PECh. 11.6 - Copper crystallizes in a face-centered cubic...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2RCFCh. 11.8 - Prob. 7PECh. 11.8 - Calculate the heat released when 68.0 g of steam...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 11.8 - Prob. 2RCFCh. 11.9 - Which phase diagram (a)(c) corresponds to a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1QPCh. 11 - Explain the term polarizability. What kind of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.3QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.6QPCh. 11 - The compounds Br2 and ICl have the same number of...Ch. 11 - If you lived in Alaska, which of the following...Ch. 11 - The binary hydrogen compounds of the Group 4A...Ch. 11 - List the types of intermolecular forces that exist...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.11QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.12QPCh. 11 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 11 - Diethyl ether has a boiling point of 34.5C, and...Ch. 11 - Which member of each of the following pairs of...Ch. 11 - Which substance in each of the following pairs...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.17QPCh. 11 - What kind of attractive forces must be overcome in...Ch. 11 - The following compounds have the same molecular...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.20QPCh. 11 - Explain why liquids, unlike gases, are virtually...Ch. 11 - What is surface tension? What is the relationship...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.23QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.24QPCh. 11 - A glass can be filled slightly above the rim with...Ch. 11 - Draw diagrams showing the capillary action of (a)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.27QPCh. 11 - Why does the viscosity of a liquid decrease with...Ch. 11 - Why is ice less dense than water?Ch. 11 - Outdoor water pipes have to be drained or...Ch. 11 - Predict which of the following liquids has greater...Ch. 11 - Predict the viscosity of ethylene glycol relative...Ch. 11 - Define the following terms: crystalline solid,...Ch. 11 - Describe the geometries of the following cubic...Ch. 11 - Classify the solid states in terms of crystal...Ch. 11 - The melting points of the oxides of the...Ch. 11 - What is the coordination number of each sphere in...Ch. 11 - Calculate the number of spheres that would be...Ch. 11 - Metallic iron crystallizes in a cubic lattice. The...Ch. 11 - Barium metal crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - Vanadium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - Europium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - Crystalline silicon has a cubic structure. The...Ch. 11 - A face-centered cubic cell contains 8 X atoms at...Ch. 11 - Define X-ray diffraction. What are the typical...Ch. 11 - Write the Bragg equation. Define every term and...Ch. 11 - When X rays of wavelength 0.090 nm are diffracted...Ch. 11 - The distance between layers in a NaCl crystal is...Ch. 11 - Describe and give examples of the following types...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.50QPCh. 11 - A solid is hard, brittle, and electrically...Ch. 11 - A solid is soft and has a low melting point (below...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.53QPCh. 11 - Which of the following are molecular solids and...Ch. 11 - Classify the solid state of the following...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.56QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.57QPCh. 11 - Define glass. What is the chief component of...Ch. 11 - What is a phase change? Name all possible changes...Ch. 11 - What is the equilibrium vapor pressure of a...Ch. 11 - Use any one of the phase changes to explain what...Ch. 11 - Define the following terms: (a) molar heat of...Ch. 11 - How is the molar heat of sublimation related to...Ch. 11 - What can we learn about the intermolecular forces...Ch. 11 - The greater the molar heat of vaporization of a...Ch. 11 - Define boiling point. How does the boiling point...Ch. 11 - As a liquid is heated at constant pressure, its...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.68QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.69QPCh. 11 - How do the boiling points and melting points of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.71QPCh. 11 - Wet clothes dry more quickly on a hot, dry day...Ch. 11 - Which of the following phase transitions gives off...Ch. 11 - A beaker of water is heated to boiling by a Bunsen...Ch. 11 - Calculate the amount of heat (in kJ) required to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.76QPCh. 11 - How is the rate of evaporation of a liquid...Ch. 11 - The molar heats of fusion and sublimation of...Ch. 11 - The following compounds, listed with their boiling...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.80QPCh. 11 - A student hangs wet clothes outdoors on a winter...Ch. 11 - Steam at 100C causes more serious burns than water...Ch. 11 - Vapor pressure measurements at several different...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.84QPCh. 11 - The vapor pressure of liquid X is lower than that...Ch. 11 - Explain why splashing a small amount of liquid...Ch. 11 - What is a phase diagram? What useful information...Ch. 11 - Explain how waters phase diagram differs from...Ch. 11 - The phase diagram of sulfur is shown. (a) How many...Ch. 11 - A length of wire is placed on top of a block of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.91QPCh. 11 - A phase diagram of water is shown at the end of...Ch. 11 - Name the kinds of attractive forces that must be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.94QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.95QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.96QPCh. 11 - Referring to Figure 11.41, determine the stable...Ch. 11 - Classify the unit cell of molecular iodine.Ch. 11 - A CO2 fire extinguisher is located on the outside...Ch. 11 - What is the vapor pressure of mercury at its...Ch. 11 - A flask of water is connected to a powerful vacuum...Ch. 11 - The liquid-vapor boundary line in the phase...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.103QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.104QPCh. 11 - In 2009, thousands of babies in China became ill...Ch. 11 - The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed...Ch. 11 - A student is given four solid samples labeled W,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.108QPCh. 11 - Note the kettle of boiling water on a stove....Ch. 11 - The south pole of Mars is covered with dry ice,...Ch. 11 - The properties of gases, liquids, and solids...Ch. 11 - Select the substance in each pair that should have...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.113QPCh. 11 - Under the same conditions of temperature and...Ch. 11 - The fluorides of the second-period elements and...Ch. 11 - The standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous...Ch. 11 - The following graph shows approximate plots of ln...Ch. 11 - Determine the final state and its temperature when...Ch. 11 - The distance between Li+ and Cl is 257 pm in solid...Ch. 11 - Heat of hydration, that is, the heat change that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.121QPCh. 11 - Calculate the H for the following processes at...Ch. 11 - Gaseous or highly volatile liquid anesthetics are...Ch. 11 - A beaker of water is placed in a closed container....Ch. 11 - The phase diagram of helium is shown. Helium is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.126QPCh. 11 - Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidizing agent that can...Ch. 11 - A sample of limestone (CaCO3) is heated in a...Ch. 11 - Silicon used in computer chips must have an...Ch. 11 - Carbon and silicon belong to Group 4A of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.131QPCh. 11 - A 1.20-g sample of water is injected into an...Ch. 11 - What are the advantages of cooking the vegetable...Ch. 11 - A quantitative measure of how efficiently spheres...Ch. 11 - Provide an explanation for each of the following...Ch. 11 - Argon crystallizes in the face-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - A chemistry instructor performed the following...Ch. 11 - Given the phase diagram of carbon shown, answer...Ch. 11 - Swimming coaches sometimes suggest that a drop of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.140QPCh. 11 - Why do citrus growers spray their trees with water...Ch. 11 - What is the origin of dark spots on the inner...Ch. 11 - The compound dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) has...Ch. 11 - A student heated a beaker of cold water (on a...Ch. 11 - Sketch the cooling curves of water from about 110C...Ch. 11 - Iron crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.147QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.148QPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.149QPCh. 11 - A sample of water shows the following behavior as...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.151QPCh. 11 - Assuming ideal behavior, calculate the density of...Ch. 11 - Both calcium and strontium crystallize in...Ch. 11 - Is the vapor pressure of a liquid more sensitive...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.155QPCh. 11 - Without the aid of instruments, give two examples...
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- Silicon carbide, SiC, is a very hard, high-melting solid. What kind of crystal forces account for these properties?arrow_forwardArrange the following substances in order of increasing strength of crystal forces: CO2, KCl, H2O, N2, CaO.arrow_forwardThe coordination number of uniformly sized spheres in a cubic closest-packing (FCC) array is 12. Give the coordination number of each atom in (a) a simple cubic lattice. (b) a body-centered cubic lattice.arrow_forward
- How many tin atoms are contained in the tetragonal crystal lattice unit cell of -tin? How many tin atoms are contained in the cubic crystal lattice unit cell of -tin?arrow_forwardOn the basis of the description given, classify each of the following solids as molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent network. Explain your answers. a a lustrous, yellow solid that conducts electricity b a hard, black solid melting at 2350C to give a nonconducting liquid c a nonconducting, pink solid melting at 650C to give an electrically conducting liquid d red crystals having a characteristic odor and melting at 171Carrow_forwardOn the basis of the description given, classify each of these solids as molecular, metallic, ionic, network, or amorphous, and explain your reasoning. (a) A soft, slippery solid that has no definite melting point but decomposes at temperatures above 250 C; the solid does not conduct electricity (b) Violet crystals that melt at 114 C and whose vapor irritates the nose; neither the solid nor the liquid conducts electricity (c) Hard, colorless crystals that melt at 2800 C; the liquid conducts electricity, but the solid does not (d) A hard solid that melts at 3410 C; both the solid and the liquid conduct electricityarrow_forward
- Rutile, TiO2, crystallizes in a structure characteristic of many other ionic compounds How many formula units of TiO2 are in the unit cell illustrated here? (The oxide ions marked by an x are wholly within the cell; the others are in the cell faces.) Unit cell for rufflearrow_forwardCalcium oxide consists of a face-centered cubic array of O2 ions, with Ca2+ ions at the center of the unit cell and along the centers of all 12 edges. Calculate the number of each ion in the unit cell.arrow_forwardA portion of the crystalline lattice for potassium is illustrated below. (a) In what type of unit cell are the K atoms arranged? A portion of the solid-state structure of potassium. (b) If one edge of the potassium unit cell is 533 pm, what is the density of potassium?arrow_forward
- Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the pattern shown here. If the black squares are labeled A and the white squares are B, what is the simplest formula for a compound based on this pattern?arrow_forwardThe unit cell of silicon carbide, SiC, is illustrated below. (a) In what type of unit cell are the (dark gray) C atoms arranged? (b) If one edge of the silicon carbide unit cell is 436.0 pm, what is the calculated density of this compound? A portion of the solid-state structure of silicon carbide.arrow_forwardThe CsCl structure is a simple cubic array of chloride ions with a cesium ion at the center of each cubic array (see Exercise 69). Given that the density of cesium chloride is 3.97 g/cm3, and assuming that the chloride and cesium ions touch along the body diagonal of the cubic unit cell, calculate the distance between the centers of adjacent Cs+ and Cl ions in the solid. Compare this value with the expected distance based on the sizes of the ions. The ionic radius of Cs+ is 169 pm, and the ionic radius of Cl is 181 pm.arrow_forward
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