
(a)
Interpretation:
If half-life of a radionuclide is 5.0 min, then how much fraction of the radionuclide will be present undecayed after 20 min has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. All the radioactive nuclide do not undergo the decay at a same rate. Some decay rapidly and others decay very slowly. The nuclear stability can be quantitatively expressed by using the half-life.
The time required for half quantity of the radioactive substance to undergo decay is known as half-life. It is represented as
The equation that relates amount of decayed radioactive material, amount of undecayed radioactive material and the time elapsed can be given as,
(a)

Answer to Problem 11.26EP
Fraction of radionuclide that will remain after 20 min is 1/16.
Explanation of Solution
Half-life of the radionuclide is given as 5.0 min. The number of half-lives can be calculated as shown below,
The fraction of nuclide that remains after 20 min is calculated as shown below,
The fraction of sample that remains after 20 min is calculated as 1/16.
The fraction of the radionuclide sample that remains after 20 min is calculated.
(b)
Interpretation:
If half-life of a radionuclide is 5.0 min, then how much fraction of the radionuclide will be present undecayed after 30 min has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. All the radioactive nuclide do not undergo the decay at a same rate. Some decay rapidly and others decay very slowly. The nuclear stability can be quantitatively expressed by using the half-life.
The time required for half quantity of the radioactive substance to undergo decay is known as half-life. It is represented as
The equation that relates amount of decayed radioactive material, amount of undecayed radioactive material and the time elapsed can be given as,
(b)

Answer to Problem 11.26EP
Fraction of radionuclide that will remain after 30 min is 1/64.
Explanation of Solution
Half-life of the radionuclide is given as 5.0 min. The number of half-lives can be calculated as shown below,
The fraction of nuclide that remains after 30 min is calculated as shown below,
The fraction of sample that remains after 30 min is calculated as 1/64.
The fraction of the radionuclide sample that remains after 30 min is calculated.
(c)
Interpretation:
If half-life of a radionuclide is 5.0 min, then how much fraction of the radionuclide will be present undecayed after 3 half-lives has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. All the radioactive nuclide do not undergo the decay at a same rate. Some decay rapidly and others decay very slowly. The nuclear stability can be quantitatively expressed by using the half-life.
The time required for half quantity of the radioactive substance to undergo decay is known as half-life. It is represented as
The equation that relates amount of decayed radioactive material, amount of undecayed radioactive material and the time elapsed can be given as,
(c)

Answer to Problem 11.26EP
Fraction of radionuclide that will remain after 3 half-lives is 1/8.
Explanation of Solution
Given number of half-lives is 3 half-lives.
The fraction of nuclide that remains after 3 half-lives is calculated as shown below,
The fraction of sample that remains after 3 half-lives is calculated as 1/8.
The fraction of the radionuclide sample that remains after 3 half-lives is calculated.
(d)
Interpretation:
If half-life of a radionuclide is 5.0 min, then how much fraction of the radionuclide will be present undecayed after 8 half-lives has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive nuclides undergo disintegration by emission of radiation. All the radioactive nuclide do not undergo the decay at a same rate. Some decay rapidly and others decay very slowly. The nuclear stability can be quantitatively expressed by using the half-life.
The time required for half quantity of the radioactive substance to undergo decay is known as half-life. It is represented as
The equation that relates amount of decayed radioactive material, amount of undecayed radioactive material and the time elapsed can be given as,
(d)

Answer to Problem 11.26EP
Fraction of radionuclide that will remain after 8 half-lives is 1/256.
Explanation of Solution
Given number of half-lives is 8 half-lives.
The fraction of nuclide that remains after 8 half-lives is calculated as shown below,
The fraction of sample that remains after 8 half-lives is calculated as 1/256.
The fraction of the radionuclide sample that remains after 8 half-lives is calculated.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
General, Organic, And Biological Chemistry, Hybrid (with Owlv2 Quick Prep For General Chemistry Printed Access Card)
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- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C - C bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. NH2 tu ? ? OH Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? Yes No C $ ©arrow_forwardAs the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C-C bond as its major product: 1. MgCl ? 2. H₂O* If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. This reaction will not make a product with a new CC bond. G marrow_forwardIncluding activity coefficients, find [Hg22+] in saturated Hg2Br2 in 0.00100 M NH4 Ksp Hg2Br2 = 5.6×10-23.arrow_forward
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