Chapter 10.11, Problem 10.31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The moles of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ required to reach the end point and the equivalents should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Titration: It is a quantitative analysis method used to express the concentration of acid or base present in the solution.

For an acid-base titration ${\left(Eq\right)}_{acid}={\left(Eq\right)}_{base}$

That is,

$\begin{array}{l}{N}_{acid}\times V_{acid}=N_{base}\times V_{base}\\ where,\\ N=Normality\\ V=Volume\end{array}$

Molarity: The concentration for solutions is expressed in terms of molarity as follows,

$\text{Molarity = }\frac{\text{No}\text{. of moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}$

Moles: One mole is equivalent to the mass of the substance consists of same number of units equal to the atoms present in $\text{12}\text{g}$ of ${}^{\text{12}}\text{C}$.

The normality for any acid or base equals the molarity times of the number of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{and}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ correspondingly.

Equivalent of Acid: Generally, 1 equivalent of ion is the number of ions which has charge of one mole.

$\text{Bronsted-Lowry Acids}$: If a species loses a proton then it is considered as $\text{Bronsted-Lowry acid}\text{.}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molarity for $\text{KOH}$ solution should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Titration: It is a quantitative analysis method used to express the concentration of acid or base present in the solution.

For an acid-base titration ${\left(Eq\right)}_{acid}={\left(Eq\right)}_{base}$

That is,

$\begin{array}{l}{N}_{acid}\times V_{acid}=N_{base}\times V_{base}\\ where,\\ N=Normality\\ V=Volume\end{array}$

Molarity: The concentration for solutions is expressed in terms of molarity as follows,

$\text{Molarity = }\frac{\text{No}\text{. of moles of solute}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}$

Moles: One mole is equivalent to the mass of the substance consists of same number of units equal to the atoms present in $\text{12}\text{g}$ of ${}^{\text{12}}\text{C}$.

The normality for any acid or base equals the molarity times of the number of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{and}{\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ correspondingly.