Concept introduction:
Morals are judgments, standards, and rules of good conduct in the society. They guide people toward permissible behavior with regard to basic values.
Debt to Equity Ratio:
Debt to equity ratio is calculated to determine the leverage position of the company. It compares the total liabilities of the company with it total shareholders’ equity. The debt to equity ratio is calculated by dividing the Total Liabilities by Total
To indicate:
The action of the manager for change in the Debt to equity ratio.
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- Hanley Limited manufactures products that capture solar energy. The company plans to list its shares on the Venture Exchange. To do so, it must meet all of the following initial listing requirements (among others): Net tangible assets must be at least $500,000. Pre-tax earnings must be $50,000. The company must have adequate working capital. Hanley has experienced significant growth in sales and is having difficulty estimating its bad debt expense. During the year, the sales team has been extending credit more aggressively in order to increase their commission compensation. Under the percentage-of-receivables approach using past percentages, the estimate is $50,000. Hanley has performed an aging and estimates the bad debts at $57,000. Finally, using a percentage of sales, the expense is estimated at $67,000. Before booking the allowance, net tangible assets are approximately $550,000. The controller decides to accrue $50,000, which results in pre-tax earnings of $60,000.…arrow_forwardA Neighborhood hardware store is planning to add an equipment rental service to its business. It needs $30,000 to $40,000 to buy the rental equipment and expects rental sales of $3,000 to $3,500 per month. It rents its building with ten years remaining on its lease and has had stable total sales over the past several years. This exercise provides an example of how the aspects of equity and debt discussed in the lecture relate to a business situation. The following points should be covered. What is the hardware store's capacity to support equity or debt financing? What mixture of debt and equity is appropriate to use? What are the likely sources?arrow_forwardBurton Howard, CFA, is an equity analyst with Maplewood Securities. Howard is preparinga research report on Confabulated Materials, SA, a publicly traded company based in Francethat complies with IFRS. As part of his analysis, Howard has assembled data gathered fromthe fi nancial statement footnotes of Confabulated’s 2009 Annual Report and from discussionswith company management. Howard is concerned about the eff ect of this information onConfabulated’s future earnings.Information about Confabulated’s investment portfolio for the years ended 31 December2008 and 2009 is presented in Exhibit 1. As part of his research, Howard is considering thepossible eff ect on reported income of Confabulated’s accounting classifi cation for fi xed incomeinvestments.EXHIBIT 1 Confabulated’s Investment Portfolio (€ Th ousands)Characteristic Bugle AG Cathay Corp Dumas SAClassifi cation Available-for-sale Held-to-maturity Held-to-maturityCost* €25,000 €40,000 €50,000Market value, 31 December 2008 29,000…arrow_forward
- Burton Howard, CFA, is an equity analyst with Maplewood Securities. Howard is preparinga research report on Confabulated Materials, SA, a publicly traded company based in Francethat complies with IFRS. As part of his analysis, Howard has assembled data gathered fromthe fi nancial statement footnotes of Confabulated’s 2009 Annual Report and from discussionswith company management. Howard is concerned about the eff ect of this information onConfabulated’s future earnings.Information about Confabulated’s investment portfolio for the years ended 31 December2008 and 2009 is presented in Exhibit 1. As part of his research, Howard is considering thepossible eff ect on reported income of Confabulated’s accounting classifi cation for fi xed incomeinvestments.EXHIBIT 1 Confabulated’s Investment Portfolio (€ Th ousands)Characteristic Bugle AG Cathay Corp Dumas SAClassifi cation Available-for-sale Held-to-maturity Held-to-maturityCost* €25,000 €40,000 €50,000Market value, 31 December 2008 29,000…arrow_forwardBurton Howard, CFA, is an equity analyst with Maplewood Securities. Howard is preparinga research report on Confabulated Materials, SA, a publicly traded company based in Francethat complies with IFRS. As part of his analysis, Howard has assembled data gathered fromthe fi nancial statement footnotes of Confabulated’s 2009 Annual Report and from discussionswith company management. Howard is concerned about the eff ect of this information onConfabulated’s future earnings.Information about Confabulated’s investment portfolio for the years ended 31 December2008 and 2009 is presented in Exhibit 1. As part of his research, Howard is considering thepossible eff ect on reported income of Confabulated’s accounting classifi cation for fi xed incomeinvestments.EXHIBIT 1 Confabulated’s Investment Portfolio (€ Th ousands)Characteristic Bugle AG Cathay Corp Dumas SAClassifi cation Available-for-sale Held-to-maturity Held-to-maturityCost* €25,000 €40,000 €50,000Market value, 31 December 2008 29,000…arrow_forwardBurton Howard, CFA, is an equity analyst with Maplewood Securities. Howard is preparinga research report on Confabulated Materials, SA, a publicly traded company based in Francethat complies with IFRS. As part of his analysis, Howard has assembled data gathered fromthe fi nancial statement footnotes of Confabulated’s 2009 Annual Report and from discussionswith company management. Howard is concerned about the eff ect of this information onConfabulated’s future earnings.Information about Confabulated’s investment portfolio for the years ended 31 December2008 and 2009 is presented in Exhibit 1. As part of his research, Howard is considering thepossible eff ect on reported income of Confabulated’s accounting classifi cation for fi xed incomeinvestments.EXHIBIT 1 Confabulated’s Investment Portfolio (€ Th ousands)Characteristic Bugle AG Cathay Corp Dumas SAClassifi cation Available-for-sale Held-to-maturity Held-to-maturityCost* €25,000 €40,000 €50,000Market value, 31 December 2008 29,000…arrow_forward
- David Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: Who were Modigliani and Miller (MM), and what assumptions are embedded in the MM and Miller models?arrow_forwardPenny Cassidy is considering forming her own pool service and supply company, Penny's Pool Service & Supply, Incorporated. She has decided to incorporate the business to limit her legal liability. She expects to invest $27,000 of her own savings and receive 2,000 shares of common stock. Her plan for the first year of operations forecasts the following amounts at December 31, the end of the current year: cash in bank, $3,600; amounts due from customers for services rendered, $3,000; pool supplies inventory, $5,300; equipment, $28,700; amounts owed to Pool Corporation, Incorporated, a pool supply wholesaler, $4,200; note payable to the bank, $5,700. Penny forecasts first-year sales of $64,200, wages of $24,700, cost of supplies used $8,900, other administrative expenses of $5,200, and income tax expense of $4,700. She expects to pay herself a $17,000 dividend as the sole stockholder of the company. If Penny's estimates are correct, what would the following first-year financial statements…arrow_forwardhe table below shows a book balance sheet for the Wishing Well Motel chain. The company’s long-term debt is secured by its real estate assets, but it also uses short-term bank loans as a permanent source of financing. It pays 14% interest on the bank debt and 10% interest on the secured debt. Wishing Well has 10 million shares of stock outstanding, trading at $83 per share. The expected return on Wishing Well’s common stock is 22%. (Table figures in $ millions.) Cash and marketable securities $ 110 Bank loan $ 280 Accounts receivable 180 Accounts payable 130 Inventory 50 Current liabilities $ 410 Current assets $ 340 Real estate 1,850 Long-term debt 1,390 Other assets 110 Equity 500 Total $ 2,300 Total $ 2,300 Calculate Wishing Well’s WACC. Assume that the book and market values of Wishing Well’s debt are the same. The marginal tax rate is 21%. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a…arrow_forward
- You have been asked by your employers to demonstrate your knowledge in business valuation process, by analyzing the value of Best Group Savings and Loans Company (BGSLC). The company paid a dividend of GH¢ 250,000 this year. The current return to shareholders of companies in the same industry as BGSLC is 12%, although it is expected that an additional risk premium of 2% will be applicable to BGSLC, being a smaller and unquoted company. Compute the expected valuation of BGSLC, if: The current level of dividend is expected to continue into the foreseeable future The dividend is expected to grow at a rate 4% par into foreseeable future The dividend is expected to grow at a 3% rate for three years and 2% afterwardsarrow_forwardYou have just been hired as a financial analyst for Lydex Company, a manufacturer of safety helmets. Your boss has asked you to perform a comprehensive analysis of the company's financial statements, including comparing Lydex's performance to its major competitors. The company's financial statements for the last two years are as follows: Assets Current assets: Cash Marketable securities Accounts receivable, net Inventory Prepaid expenses Total current assets Plant and equipment, net Total assets Lydex Company Comparative Balance Sheet This Year Last Year $ 940,000 0 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Liabilities: Current liabilities Note payable, 10% Total liabilities Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $75 par value Retained earnings Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity Lydex Company 2,620,000 3,580,000 250,000 7,390,000 9,480,000 $ 16,870,000 $ 3,990,000 3,660,000 7,650,000 7,500,000 1,720,000 9,220,000 $ 16,870,000 $ 1,180,000 300,000 1,720,000…arrow_forwardFollowing are the transactions of JonesSpa Corporation, for the month of January. a. Borrowed $27,000 from a local bank; the loan is due in 9 months. b. Lent $7,500 to an affiliate; accepted a note due in one year. c. Sold to investors 100 additional shares of stock with a par value of $0.10 per share and a market price of $20 per share; received cash. d. Purchased $22,000 of equipment, paying $5,600 cash and signing a note for the rest due in one year. e. Declared $3,300 in cash dividends to stockholders, to be paid in February. For each of the above transactions, indicate the accounts and amounts. A sample is provided. Note: Enter decreases to an element of the balance sheet with a minus sign. a. Cash b. b. C. C. d. d. e. e. Assets Liabilities 27,000 Notes payable Stockholders' Equity 27,000+ + + +arrow_forward
- Cornerstones of Financial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337690881Author:Jay Rich, Jeff JonesPublisher:Cengage LearningEBK CONTEMPORARY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFinanceISBN:9781337514835Author:MOYERPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT