Concept introduction:
Financial statements:
Financial statements are prepared to summaries the account at the end of the period. The statements prepared are Income statement,
Balance Sheet:
The Balance sheet is a summary of Assets, Liabilities and equity accounts that reports the financial position of the business as on a specific date. Assets are further classifies into Current Assets, Long Term Investments, Plant Assets and Intangible assets. And Liabilities are further classified into Current Liabilities and Long term liabilities.
Income Statement:
Income Statement is the part of the financial statement which is prepared to calculate the net income earned by the organization. In the income statement, all expenses are subtracted from the revenues to calculate the net income. It is prepared for a particular period.
To choose:
The correct statement about FASB comprehensive income.
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Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
- Determine the effect of the following errors on a companys total revenue, total expenses, and net income. Indicate the effect by writing O for Overstated (too much), U for Understated (too little), or NA for Not Affected.arrow_forwardThe concept of materiality: a Treats as material only those items that are greater than 2% or 3% of net income. b Justifies ignoring the matching principle in certain circumstances. c Affects only items reported in the income statement. d Results in financial statements that are less useful to decision makers because many details have been omitted.arrow_forwardWhen preparing financial statement, accountants or auditors will determine an amount which is not significant, and any error or omission of the transaction below that amount can be ignored when preparing financial statements. This refers to Cost constraint B Faithful representation C Relevant D Materialityarrow_forward
- 1. The company has an arregement under which revenue should be deferred, but it doesn't defer the revenue. Or, a company could defer to much revenue to shift income into future periods.arrow_forwardWHICH STATEMENT IS FALSE?A. If the net income of prior period is overstated because of the change in accounting policy, the effect is deducted from the beginning retained earnings.B. Equity is also the net assets.C. Prior period errors are shown as adjustment of the ending balance of retained earnings. If the net income of the prior period is overstated, the amount of the error uis deducted from retained earnings.D. In the conversion of preference chares into ordinary shares, if the total par or stated value of the ordinary shares is more than the original issue of the preference shares, the difference is charged to retained earnings.arrow_forwardDescribe pro forma income and the importance of pro forma income in the evaluation of the income statement. Choose at least two items that are excluded from pro forma income. Suggest to management why including the items would be misleading to investors and creditors.arrow_forward
- The concept of earnings quality has several dimensions, but two characteristics often dominate. The accounting information should be a fair representation of performance for the reporting period and, The information should provide relevant information to forecast expected future earnings. Provide a specific example of poor accounting quality that would hinder to forecasting of expected future earnings.arrow_forwardGive an example of an error or fraud that would misstate financial statements to affect the accounts as follows, taking each case independently. (Note: “Overstate” means the account has a higher value than would be appropriate under GAAP and “understate” means it has a lower value.)a. Overstate one asset; understate another asset.b. Overstate an asset; overstate stockholders’ equity.c. Overstate an asset; overstate revenue.d. Overstate an asset; understate an expense.e. Overstate a liability; overstate an expense.f. Understate an asset; overstate an expense.g. Understate a liability; understate an expense.arrow_forwardNeedles talks about the use of a continuum ranging from questionable or highly conservative to fraud to assess the amount to be recorded for an estimated expense. Do you believe that the choice of an overly conservative or overly aggressive amount would reflect earnings management? Explain.arrow_forward
- Which of the statements below is false? If the net income of prior period is overstated because of the change in accounting policy, the effect is (A) deducted from the beginning retained earnings. Prior period errors are shown as adjustment of the ending balance of retained earnings. If the net income of (B) the prior period is overstated, the amount of the error uis deducted from retained earnings. Equity is also the net assets. In the conversion of preference chares into ordinary shares, if the total par or stated value of the ordinary D shares is more than the original issue of the preference shares, the difference is charged to retained earnings.arrow_forwardExplain when and why the users of financial statements are not able to detect earnings management.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not correct with respect to accrual accounting? Accrual accounting can produce large discrepancies between the firm’s reported profit performance and the amount of cash generated from operations. The principles that govern revenue and expense recognition under accrual accounting are designed to alleviate the mismatching problems that exist under cash-basis accounting. Reported accrual accounting net income for a period always provides an accurate picture of underlying economic performance. Accrual accounting does not decouple measured earnings from operating cash inflows and outflows.arrow_forward
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