Chapter 10, Problem 69P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The appropriate reagents should be given for each steps in the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Dehydration reaction:

Removal of water molecule from the reaction of alcohol with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction.

The stability of carbocation is given below, Tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary and primary.

The alcohols is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic, which yield the corresponding carbocation intermediate, this carbocation intermediate undergoes elimination reaction which yields the corresponding alkene as a product.

Hydroboration:

Hydroboration is the addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to the Carbon-Carbon, Carbon-Nitrogen, and Carbon-Oxygen double bonds and Carbon-Carbon triple bonds.

When alkene undergoes hydroboration using alkyl borane and hydrogen peroxide followed by hydrolysis which yields the alcohol. The formation of alcohol is depends on the less hindered carbon of the double bond.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Ozonolysis:

Alkene reacts with ozone to gives aldehyde and ketone is known as ozonolysis.

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The appropriate reagents should be given for each steps in the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Dehydration reaction:

Removal of water molecule from the reaction of alcohol with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction.

The stability of carbocation is given below, Tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary and primary.

The alcohols is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding carbocation intermediate, this carbocation intermediate undergoes elimination reaction which yields the corresponding alkene as a product.

Hydroboration:

Hydroboration is the addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to the Carbon-Carbon, Carbon-Nitrogen, and Carbon-Oxygen double bonds and Carbon-Carbon triple bonds.

When alkene undergoes hydroboration using alkyl borane and hydrogen peroxide followed by hydrolysis which yields the alcohol. The formation of alcohol is depends on the less hindered carbon of the double bond.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Ozonolysis:

Alkene reacts with ozone which cleaves the double bond followed by work up with dimethyl sulfide to forms ketone with aldehyde is known as ozonolysis.

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reaction with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The appropriate reagents should be given for each steps in the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Dehydration reaction:

Removal of water molecule from the reaction of alcohol with strong acid like sulfuric acid is known as dehydration reaction.

The stability of carbocation is given below, Tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary and primary.

The alcohols is reaction with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic which yield the corresponding carbocation intermediate, this carbocation intermediate undergoes elimination reaction which yields the corresponding alkene as a product.

Hydroboration:

Hydroboration is the addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to the Carbon-Carbon, Carbon-Nitrogen, and Carbon-Oxygen double bonds and Carbon-Carbon triple bonds.

When alkene undergoes hydroboration using alkyl borane and hydrogen peroxide followed by hydrolysis which yields the alcohol. The formation of alcohol is depends on the less hindered carbon of the double bond.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Ozonolysis:

Alkene reacts with ozone which cleaves the double bond followed by work up with dimethyl sulfide to forms ketone with aldehyde is known as ozonolysis.

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reaction with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.