Chapter 10, Problem 49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of lactic acid should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The molecular formula of any molecule explains about the atoms present in it along with the numbers of atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The functional groups in Lactic acid should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The functional groups are the atoms or groups of atom which undergoes some chemical transformation in organic molecules. These chemical transformations are very important part of organic compounds because of these functional units, organic compounds are divided.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The bond angles of carbon atoms of Lactic acid should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The bond angles are angles occurring in between the bonds forming atoms of molecules. This bond angles can be determined with the help of VSEPR model that shows the regions of electron density around the atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The polar and nonpolar bonds of lactic acid should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Polar bonds are bonds in which electronegativity difference of atoms is in range of 0.5 and 1.4. Nonpolar bonds are bonds with electronegativity difference of less than 0.5.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The polarity of lactic acid molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.