Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780357119303
Author: Bettelheim, Frederick A., Brown, William H., Campbell, Mary K., FARRELL, Shawn O., Torres, Omar
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 43P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The most polar bond of methanol should be identified and polarity described with symbols δ and δ+

Concept Introduction:

Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 43P

In methanol, most polar bond is O-H bond with electronegativity difference of 1.4 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  1

Explanation of Solution

Polar covalent bonds contains more atoms with high electronegativity and acquire more partial negative charge represented as delta minus δ and atoms with less electronegativity gets partial positive charge represented as delta plus δ+

In methanol, most polar bond is O-H with electronegativity difference of 1.4 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

C-O bond have 1.0 electronegativity but it is less polar when compare to O-H bond.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  2

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The most polar bond of methylamine should be identified and polarity described with symbols δ and δ+

Concept Introduction:

Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43P

In methylamine, most polar bond is N-H bond with electronegativity difference of 0.9 and nitrogen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  3

Explanation of Solution

Polar covalent bonds contains more atoms with high electronegativity and acquire more partial negative charge represented as delta minus δ and atoms with less electronegativity gets partial positive charge represented as delta plus δ+

In methylamine, most polar bond is N-H with electronegativity difference of 0.9 and nitrogen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

C-H bond is nonpolar because of electronegativity of 0.4 only.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  4

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The most polar bond of 2-aminoethathiol should be identified and polarity described with symbols δ and δ+

Concept Introduction:

Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43P

In 2-aminoethathiol, most polar bond is N-Hbond with electronegativity difference of 0.9 and nitrogen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  5

Explanation of Solution

Polar covalent bonds contains more atoms with high electronegativity and acquire more partial negative charge represented as delta minus δ and atoms with less electronegativity gets partial positive charge represented as delta plus δ+

In 2-aminoethanethiol, most polar bond is N-H with electronegativity difference of 0.9 and nitrogen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

The bonds S-H, C-C and C-H have electronegativity difference are 0.4, 0, and 0.4 respectively.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  6

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The most polar bond of acetone should be identified and polarity described with symbols δ and δ+

Concept Introduction:

Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43P

In acetone, most polar bond is C=O with electronegativity difference of 1.0 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas carbon becomes partial positive charge atom.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  7

Explanation of Solution

Polar covalent bonds contains more atoms with high electronegativity and acquire more partial negative charge represented as delta minus δ and atoms with less electronegativity gets partial positive charge represented as delta plus δ+

In acetone, most polar bond is C=O with electronegativity difference of 1.0 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas carbon becomes partial positive charge atom.

Other bonds present in acetone are C-H and C-C with electronegativity of 0.4 and 0 respectively.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  8

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The most polar bond of formaldehyde should be identified and polarity described with symbols δ and δ+

Concept Introduction:

Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43P

In formaldehyde, most polar bond is C=O with electronegativity difference of 1.0 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas carbon becomes partial positive charge.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  9

Explanation of Solution

Polar covalent bonds contains more atoms with high electronegativity and acquire more partial negative charge represented as delta minus δ and atoms with less electronegativity gets partial positive charge represented as delta plus δ+

In formaldehyde, most polar bond is C=O with electronegativity difference of 1.0 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas carbon becomes partial positive charge atom.

The bond C-H has electronegativity difference of 0.4 and it is a nonpolar bond.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  10

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The most polar bond of acetic acid should be identified and polarity described with symbols δ and δ+

Concept Introduction:

Polarity of any molecule depends on electronegativity of atoms that forms covalent bonds. Depending upon the difference in electronegativity of atoms, polar or nonpolar molecule is determined. Polar molecule has electronegativity between 0.5 and 1.4 whereas in nonpolar molecule, it is less than 0.5.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 43P

In acetic acid, most polar bond is O-H with electronegativity difference of 1.4 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  11

Explanation of Solution

Polar covalent bonds contains more atoms with high electronegativity and acquire more partial negative charge represented as delta minus δ and atoms with less electronegativity gets partial positive charge represented as delta plus δ+

In acetic acid, most polar bond is O-H with electronegativity difference of 1.4 and oxygen atom becomes partial negative charge atom whereas hydrogen becomes partial positive charge atom.

The other bonds are C-C, C=O and C-H with electronegativity of 0, 1.0 and 0.4 but bond O-H has more electronegativity as compared to other bonds.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 10, Problem 43P , additional homework tip  12

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Chapter 10 Solutions

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

Ch. 10 - 10-11 What important experiment did Wohler carry...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6PCh. 10 - Prob. 7PCh. 10 - Prob. 8PCh. 10 - 10-15 How many electrons are in the valence shell...Ch. 10 - 10-16 What is the relationship between the number...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11PCh. 10 - Prob. 12PCh. 10 - 10-19 Write Lewis structures for these ions. (a)...Ch. 10 - 10-20 Why are the following molecular formulas...Ch. 10 - 10-21 Explain how to use the valence-shell...Ch. 10 - 10-22 Suppose you forget to take into account the...Ch. 10 - Suppose you forget to take into account the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 18PCh. 10 - Prob. 19PCh. 10 - Prob. 20PCh. 10 - 10-27 What is meant by the term functional group?Ch. 10 - 10-28 List three reasons why functional groups are...Ch. 10 - Prob. 23PCh. 10 - Prob. 24PCh. 10 - Prob. 25PCh. 10 - 10-32 Draw a structural formula for the one...Ch. 10 - 10-33 What is the meaning of the term tertiary (...Ch. 10 - Prob. 28PCh. 10 - Draw structural formulas for each of the...Ch. 10 - 10-36 Draw structural formulas for the six ketones...Ch. 10 - 10-37 Draw structural formulas for the eight...Ch. 10 - Prob. 32PCh. 10 - 10-39 (Chemical Connections 10A) How was Taxol...Ch. 10 - Prob. 34PCh. 10 - Prob. 35PCh. 10 - Silicon is immediately below carbon in Group 4A of...Ch. 10 - 10-43 Phosphorus is immediately below nitrogen in...Ch. 10 - Draw the structure for a compound with the...Ch. 10 - 10-45 Draw structural formulas for the eight...Ch. 10 - Prob. 40PCh. 10 - 10-47 Which of these covalent bonds are polar, and...Ch. 10 - Of the bonds in Problem 10-47, which is the most...Ch. 10 - Prob. 43PCh. 10 - Prob. 44PCh. 10 - Following is a structural formula for naphthalene....Ch. 10 - Prob. 46PCh. 10 - Prob. 47PCh. 10 - Urea, (NH.,)2CO, is used in plastics and in fertil...Ch. 10 - Prob. 49PCh. 10 - Prob. 50PCh. 10 - Aspirin is prepared by the reaction of salicylic-...Ch. 10 - Following is the structural formula of acetamide....Ch. 10 - Prob. 53P
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