Chapter 10, Problem 45A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change for the given process needs to be explained.

  

Concept Introduction: The particles of a system remain in motion continuously. The randomness in a system is denoted by entropy of system. As the disorder increases in a system, the entropy of system also increases.

Answer to Problem 45A

The entropy of given process decreases.

Explanation of Solution

  

In the given image, the particles diffuse in same flask. It decreases the movement of particles as number of particles increases in one flask. Thus, it decreases the entropy of system.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change for the given process needs to be explained.

  $\text{AgCl(s)}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Ag}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{+}}{\text{+ Cl}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

Concept Introduction: The particles of a system remain in motion continuously. The randomness in a system is denoted by entropy of system. As the disorder increases in a system, the entropy of system also increases.

Answer to Problem 45A

The entropy of given process increases.

Explanation of Solution

  $\text{AgCl(s)}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{Ag}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{+}}{\text{+ Cl}}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}$

In the given reaction, solid $\text{AgCl}$ dissociates in to its respective ions in aqueous solution. The entropy of solids is lesser than liquid as they have strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles.

Thus, it increases the randomness of system, which further increases the entropy of system.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change for the given process needs to be explained.

  ${\text{2H}}_{\text{2(g) }}{\text{ + O}}_{\text{2(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Concept Introduction: The particles of a system remain in motion continuously. The randomness in a system is denoted by entropy of system. As the disorder increases in a system, the entropy of system also increases.

Answer to Problem 45A

The entropy of given process decreases.

Explanation of Solution

  ${\text{2H}}_{\text{2(g) }}{\text{ + O}}_{\text{2(g)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{2 H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

In the given reaction, two gases combine to form liquid water. The entropy of liquid is lesser than gas as they have strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles.

Thus, it decreases the randomness of system, which further decreases the entropy of system.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change for the given process needs to be explained.

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}$

Concept Introduction: The particles of a system remain in motion continuously. The randomness in a system is denoted by entropy of system. As the disorder increases in a system, the entropy of system also increases.

Answer to Problem 45A

The entropy of given process increases.

Explanation of Solution

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}$

In the given reaction, evaporation of liquid water to gaseous water. The entropy of liquid is lesser than gas as they have strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles.

Thus, it increases the randomness of system, which further increases the entropy of system.