Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 10, Problem 3ILQ
The release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a) What are “T-tubules� and what is their role? (b) Please also describe how actin-binding sites are made available for cross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction.
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The release of calcium ions initiates muscle contractions.Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/calciumrole) to learn more about the role of calcium. (a)What are “T-tubules” and what is their role? (b) Pleasealso describe how actin-binding sites are made available forcross-bridging with myosin heads during contraction.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the “junction points” between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the “subunits” within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearls” described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?
The diagram below represents the terminal cisterna in a muscle. Name and briefly explainthe function of the structures represented by A, B, C in the regulation of calcium ionsduring muscle contraction
Chapter 10 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 10 - Watch this video...Ch. 10 - Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor...Ch. 10 - The release of calcium ions initiates muscle...Ch. 10 - Muscle that has a striped appearance is described...Ch. 10 - Which element is important in directly Triggering...Ch. 10 - Which of the following properties is not common to...Ch. 10 - The correct order for the smallest to the largest...Ch. 10 - Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________....Ch. 10 - In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on...Ch. 10 - According to the sliding filament model, binding...
Ch. 10 - The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called...Ch. 10 - Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. calcium...Ch. 10 - During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge...Ch. 10 - Thin and thick filaments are organized into...Ch. 10 - During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber...Ch. 10 - Muscle fatigue is caused by ________. buildup of...Ch. 10 - A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner...Ch. 10 - What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to...Ch. 10 - Dmg X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and...Ch. 10 - The muscles of a professional sprinter are most...Ch. 10 - The muscles of a professional marathon runner are...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements is true? Fast...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements is false? Slow...Ch. 10 - Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in...Ch. 10 - If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from...Ch. 10 - Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements describes smooth...Ch. 10 - From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue...Ch. 10 - Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle...Ch. 10 - Why is elasticity an important quality of muscle...Ch. 10 - What would happen to skeletal muscle if the...Ch. 10 - Describe how tendons facilitate body movement.Ch. 10 - What are the five primary functions of skeletal...Ch. 10 - What are the opposite roles of voltage-gated...Ch. 10 - How would muscle contractions be affected if...Ch. 10 - What causes the striated appearance of skeletal...Ch. 10 - How would muscle contractions be affected if ATP...Ch. 10 - Why does a motor unit of the eye have few muscle...Ch. 10 - What factors contribute to the amount of tension...Ch. 10 - Why do muscle cells use creatine phosphate instead...Ch. 10 - Is aerobic respiration more or less efficient than...Ch. 10 - What changes occur at the cellular level in...Ch. 10 - What changes occur at the cellular level in...Ch. 10 - What would be the drawback of cardiac contractions...Ch. 10 - How are cardiac muscle cells similar to and...Ch. 10 - Why can smooth muscles conn act over a wider range...Ch. 10 - Describe the differences between single-unit...Ch. 10 - Why is muscle that has sustained significant...Ch. 10 - Which muscle type(s) (skeletal, smooth, or...
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- In the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell contraction?arrow_forwardAfter death, a person no longer makes ATP, so calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum diffuses down its concentration gradient into the muscle cytoplasm. This result is rigor mortis----an unbreakable state of muscle contraction that stiffens the body for a few days until muscles begin to decay. Explain why this contraction occurs.arrow_forward
- Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forwardFigure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardThis is an image of skeletal muscle tissue. Identify the structure labeled "A" (a) (b) myosin fascicle actin sarcomere B Aarrow_forward
- Describe the contraction of a muscle fiber, starting with what events take place at the neuromuscular junction, explaining how depolarization along the length of the sarcolemma occurs, the role of calcium (where it is released, what it binds to, etc.), and the events that occur after calcium binds to troponin. Draw a few simple, labelled diagrams of a neuromuscular junction and sarcomere and outline the steps of excitation-contraction coupling, including power stroke, recovery stroke, formation of cross bridges, role of ATP, etc.arrow_forwardGive an account of the excitation-contraction coupling (Figure 3) in skeletal muscle fibers. Highlight the role of dihydropyridine receptors and ryanodine receptors and the fate of A detailed description of the cross bridge cycle is not calcium ions after contraction. necessary. -Axon teminal of (=) somatic motor neuron ACh Muscle fiber potential Pion ++ Action potential- Na Motor end plate- T-tubule Sarcoptasmic reticulum lellll Ca2+ DHP receptor Tropomyosin Troponin z disk Actin M line Myosin head Myosin thick filamentarrow_forwardCalmodulin is found in smooth muscle cells and performs a similar function to troponin in striated muscle fibers. However, calmodulin not only gets activated by Ca2+ but also slows the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. How might this difference relate to the different kinds of contractions smooth muscles do in comparison to striated muscles?arrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope? Group of answer choices troponin actin myosin dystrophin Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a: Group of answer choices motor unit myofibril muscle fascicle motor fascia Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as: Group of answer choices fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway ATP reserve usearrow_forwardWhile the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle was first described by nineteenth-century microscopists, its true significance was not ap-preciated until its intricate structure was revealed much later by the electron microscope. What could you tell a nineteenth-century microscopist to enlighten him or her about the structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and its role in the coupling of excitation and contraction?arrow_forward34) what happens to skeletal muscle if there is no ATP present but plenty of calcium. Be specific relative to the sliding filament theory.arrow_forward
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