EBK BIOLOGY:SCIENCE F/LIFE
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134819167
Author: BELK
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 10, Problem 1AAATB
Summary Introduction
To write:
Whether there is any similarity between the codons that code for same amino acids.
Introduction:
The mRNA consists of many bases. A collection of three bases that has the capability to code for a particular amino acid is called codon. Codons are present in the mRNA.
Summary Introduction
To write:
The reason that mutation affecting the nucleotide in the third position of a codon is less likely to affect the structure of protein than a mutation that affects the first position of the codon
Introduction:
The group of three bases that codes for amino acids is called a codon. The codon is composed of first, second, and third position. The amino acids join together to form a protein. The mRNA produces by the process of transcription contains codons.
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DNA A G T A C C G G G C A A A C T G C A T T G T G
mRNA U C A U G G C C C G U U U G A C G U A A C A C
Use the "Genetic Code Chart" to determine the sequence of amino acids in your polypeptide chain. Remember to START translation at the start codon by adding a Methionine and STOP translating when you reach a stop codon.
DNA gene
TAC
AGC
TTT
mRNA codon
(No thymine in RNA!)
tRNA anticodon
(No thymine in RNA!)
Amino acid
Use the mRNA with the Genetic Code.
Use the mRNA with the Genetic Code.
Answer the questions below.
Questions
How many nucleotides would be needed to code for a protein that has 100 amino acids?
Using the Genetic Code in Table 6.3, write all of the possible codons that signal the start and end of a gene.
Start:
End:
An amino acid sequence of a protein molecule includes methionine, lysine, serine and glycine. Show each different codon that could result in each of these amino acids. You will have more than one codon for all of them except methionine.
Amino Acids
All Possible Codons
Methionine
Lysine
Serine
(Look carefully. There are six possibilities)
Glycine
Question 3 illustrates the redundant nature of the genetic code. Can you think of an advantage of having several codons that all code for the…
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid have carboxyl groups on their side chains and are called acidic amino acids. Compare the codons for these two amino acids.
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- Explain how there are going to be 6 nucleotides needed?arrow_forwardHere is our DNA sequence: T-A-C-A-T-G-T-T-T-A-G-G-T-C-C-A-C-C-C-G-T-G-G-G-A-C-T Write the RNA sequence below as codons (separated by hyphens). What is your amino acid sequence? The codon table with amino acid sequence is section 6.7 of your textbook. (Separate the amino acids by hyphens.) Again, be sure to note the start and stop codons. What is the name of the process of creating an amino acid sequence from RNA? What would happen if, in the middle of your gene sequence, the DNA was transcribed into the letters UAA on the mRNA strand? What effect might this have on the gene/trait? Using the DNA strand (in the box below), provide the complement which would be made through DNA replication. T-A-C-A-T-G-T-T-T-A-G-G-T-C-C-A-C-C-C-G-T-G-G-G-A-C-T Where does each of the following processes occur within the cell? Transcription: Translation: DNA Replication:arrow_forwardIs it reasonable that codons for the same amino acid have one or two nucleotides in common? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Can you give further explanations regarding this topic? We are about to tackle this in our next lesson and our teacher assigned us to answer this for practice. But I do not have any idea on how to do this.arrow_forwardDuring planetary exploration a new life form is discovered which has a DNA genome containing 6 different bases rather than the familiar four. The life form contains proteins with 25 different amino acids. Codons on Earth comprise three nucleotides; assuming a non-overlapping genetic code that includes initiation and termination codons, how many nucleotides would you predict to constitute a codon in the new life form, assuming all codons to be the same length? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the RNA synthesized above (item #1) is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon,a. how many codons are present in this mRNA?b. how many codons actually code for proteins in this mRNA?c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?arrow_forward
- This activity breaks down protein synthesis using the metaphor of PIZZA! Use your Amino Acids Reference Sheet to complete the following table. Fill in the blank spaces of each row with either the missing DNA triplet, the mRNA codon, or the Amino Acid. While there are actually multiple codons that code for any one amino acid, for this activity there only needs to be one DNA triplet and one corresponding mRNA codon recorded for each amino acid. Remember: RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)! TTG GGG CGT AAA TTT CAA DNA AAC UAU CAC GCA AAA mRNA codon Asparagine Proline Tyrosine Amino Acid Histidinearrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the RNA synthesized above (item #3) is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon,a. how many codons are present in this mRNA?b. how many codons actually code for a protein in this mRNA?c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?arrow_forwardexplain why a mutation in the dna nucleotide sequence that corresponds to the 3rd nitrogen base in the mrna codon is not as serious as a mutation in the dna that corresponds to the first nitrogen base in the mrna codonarrow_forward
- Look at Table 26.3 and find codons for the following amino acids:(a) Val (b) Arg (c) Serarrow_forwardThe genetic information contained in DNA consists of a linear sequence of coding units known as codons. Each codon consists of three adjacent DNA nucleotides that corresponto a single amino acid in a protien. The E.coli DNA molecule contains 4.70 x 10^6 base pairs. Determine the number of codons that can be present. Assuming that the average protein in E.coli consists of a chain of 400 amino acids, calculate the maximum number of protiens that can be coded by an E.coli DNA molecule.arrow_forwardIn how many cases in the genetic code would it NOT be possible to know the amino acid specified by a codon if only the first two nucleotides of the codon are known?arrow_forward
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