Chemistry In Focus
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399692
Author: Tro, Nivaldo J.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 10, Problem 16E
How does a geothermal power plant generate electricity? What are the advantages and disadvantages of geothermal power?
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When an electrical appliance whose power usage is X watts is run for Y seconds, it uses X × Y joules of energy. The energy unit used by electrical utilities in their monthly bills is the kilowatt-hour (kWh, that is, 1 kilowatt used for 1 hour). How many joules are there in a kilowatt-hour? If electricity costs $.09 per kilowatt-hour, how much does it cost per megajoule?
A number of companies currently lease solar panels to homeowners to offset the home’s energy use. The total energy production of a certain residential solar system in suburban Maryland was 7581.62 kWh over the last calendar year. What mass of carbon dioxide did this solar system keep out of the atmosphere during that time, assuming that the energy consumed by this home would otherwise have been supplied solely by coal-burning power plants (note that this isn’t a great assumption, as Maryland also has a nuclear power plant, solar and wind farms, and Montgomery County incinerates waste to generate electricity)? Keep in mind that power plants are inefficient, and are able to convert on average 33% of the heat generated by the combustion of coal into electricity. Assume that coal can be approximated as C(s) (again, not a great assumption, but sufficient for this problem). Use the following data to find the heat of combustion of coal:
2 C(s) + O2(g) --> 2 CO(g)…
A number of companies currently lease solar panels to homeowners to offset the home’s energy use. The total energy production of a certain residential solar system in suburban Maryland was 7581.62 kWh over the last calendar year. What mass of carbon dioxide did this solar system keep out of the atmosphere during that time, assuming that the energy consumed by this home would otherwise have been supplied solely by coal-burning power plants (note that this isn’t a great assumption, as Maryland also has a nuclear power plant, solar and wind farms, and Montgomery County incinerates waste to generate electricity)? Keep in mind that power plants are inefficient, and are able to convert on average 33% of the heat generated by the combustion of coal into electricity. Assume that coal can be approximated as C(s) (again, not a great assumption, but sufficient for this problem). Use the following data to find the heat of combustion of coal:
2 C(s) + O2(g) ----> 2 CO(g).…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry In Focus
Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1YTCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2YTCh. 10 - Prob. 1SCCh. 10 - Prob. 1ECh. 10 - Explain why hydroelectric power and wind power are...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3ECh. 10 - Prob. 4ECh. 10 - Prob. 5ECh. 10 - Prob. 6ECh. 10 - Prob. 7E
Ch. 10 - Prob. 8ECh. 10 - Prob. 9ECh. 10 - Prob. 10ECh. 10 - Prob. 11ECh. 10 - Prob. 12ECh. 10 - Prob. 13ECh. 10 - Prob. 14ECh. 10 - Prob. 15ECh. 10 - How does a geothermal power plant generate...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17ECh. 10 - Prob. 18ECh. 10 - Prob. 19ECh. 10 - Prob. 20ECh. 10 - Prob. 21ECh. 10 - Prob. 22ECh. 10 - Prob. 23ECh. 10 - Prob. 24ECh. 10 - Prob. 25ECh. 10 - Prob. 26ECh. 10 - Prob. 27ECh. 10 - Prob. 28ECh. 10 - Prob. 29ECh. 10 - Prob. 30ECh. 10 - Prob. 31ECh. 10 - Prob. 32ECh. 10 - Prob. 33ECh. 10 - Prob. 34ECh. 10 - Prob. 35ECh. 10 - Prob. 36ECh. 10 - Prob. 37ECh. 10 - Prob. 38ECh. 10 - Prob. 42ECh. 10 - Prob. 43E
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- What is incomplete combustion of fossil fuels? Why can this be a problem?arrow_forwardAssume that electricity costs 15 cents per kilowatt- hour. Calculate the monthly cost of operating each of the following: a 100 W light bulb, 5 h/day a 600 W refrigerator, 24 h/day a 12,000 W electric range, 1 h/day a 1000 W toaster, 10 min/dayarrow_forwardThe best solar panels currently available are about 15% efficient in converting sunlight to electricity. A typical home will use about 40. kWh of electricity per day (1 kWh = 1 kilowatt hour; 1kW = 1000 J/s). Assuming 8.0 hours of useful sunlight per day, calculate the minimum solar panel surface area necessary to provide all of a typical homes electricity. (See Exercise 124 for the energy rate supplied by the sun.)arrow_forward
- 9.72 Although it can be a nuisance when a laptop computer freezes up and needs to be rebooted, we accept that as somewhat inevitable. But clearly the need to occasionally reboot the control system for the power grid would not be acceptable. Use the web to research ways that engineers ensure the reliability of crucial systems like the control infrastructure of the grid, and write a paragraph summarizing the main strategies employed.arrow_forward9.70 Residential electric service in the United States generally operates at 120 V, but transmission substations feed power onto the grid at 110 kV or higher. What advantage is realized by transmitting electricity at such a high voltage?arrow_forward9.69 How are the roles of transmission substations and distribution substations in the electrical grid similar? How are they different?arrow_forward
- Calculating Energy Use in Kilowatt-Hours What is the yearly cost of operating a 100-W television for 2 hours per day, assuming the cost of electricity is 15 cents per kilowatt-hour?arrow_forward4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forwardA piece of chocolate cake contains about 400 calories. A nutritional calorie is equal to 1000 calories (thermochemical calories), which is equal to 4.184 kJ. How many 8-in-high steps must a 180-lb man climb to expend the 400 Cal from the piece of cake? See Exercise 28 for the formula for potential energy.arrow_forward
- Define the terms renewable and nonrenewable as applied to energy resources. Which of the following energy resources are renewable: solar energy, coal, natural gas, geothermal energy, wind power?arrow_forwardA rebreathing gas mask contains potassium superoxide, KO2, which reacts with moisture in the breath to give oxygen. 4KO2(s)+2H2O(l)4KOH(s)+3O2(g) Estimate the grams of potassium superoxide required to supply a persons oxygen needs for one hour. Assume a person requires 1.00 102 kcal of energy for this time period. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 1.00 102 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of oxygen consumed and hence the amount of KO2 required. The ff0 for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardA piece of lead of mass 121.6 g was heated by an electrical coil. From the resistance of the coil, the current, and the Time the current flowed, it was calculated that 235 J of heat was added to the lead. The temperature of the lead rose from 20.4C to 35.5C. What is the specific heat of the lead?arrow_forward
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