High-Creativity Participants Low-Creativity Participants n=27M=7.41SS=749.5 n=27M=4.78SS=830 Use a one-tailed test with α=.05 to determine whether these data are sufficient to conclude that high-creativity people are more likely to cheat than people with lower levels of creativity. Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the effect. Write a sentence demonstrating how the results from the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
Recent research has shown that creative people are more likely to cheat than their less-creative counterparts (Gino & Ariely, 2011). Participants in the study first completed creativity assessment questionnaires and then returned to the lab several days later for a series of tasks. One task was a multiple-choice general knowledge test for which the participants circled their answers on the test sheet. Afterward, they were asked to transfer their answers to a bubble sheet for computer scoring. However, the experimenter admitted that the wrong bubble sheet had been copied so that the correct answers were still faintly visible. Thus, the participants had an opportunity to cheat and inflate their test scores. Higher scores were valuable because participants were paid based on the number of correct answers. However, the researchers had secretly coded the original tests and the bubble sheets so that they could measure the degree of cheating for each participant. Assuming that the participants were divided into two groups based on their creativity scores, the following data are similar to the cheating scores obtained in the study.
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High-Creativity Participants |
Low-Creativity Participants |
|---|---|
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n=27M=7.41SS=749.5 |
n=27M=4.78SS=830 |
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Use a one-tailed test with α=.05 to determine whether these data are sufficient to conclude that high-creativity people are more likely to cheat than people with lower levels of creativity.
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Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the effect.
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Write a sentence demonstrating how the results from the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.
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