The authors of a research article studied how video game content might influence attitudes and behavior. Male students at a large midwestern university were assigned at random to play one of three action-oriented video games. Two of the games involved some violence—one was a shooting game and one was a fighting game. The third game was a nonviolent race car driving game. After playing a game for 20 minutes, participants answered a set of questions. The responses were used to determine values of three measures of aggression: (1) a measure of aggressive behavior; (2) a measure of aggressive thoughts; and (3) a measure of aggressive feelings. The authors hypothesized that the means for the three measures of aggression would be greatest for the fighting game and lowest for the driving game. (a) For the measure of aggressive behavior, the paper reports that the mean score for the fighting game was significantly higher than the mean scores for the shooting and driving game, but reports that the mean scores for the shooting and driving games were not significantly different. The three sample means were as follows. Driving Shooting Fighting Sample mean 3.44 4.00 5.80 Use the underscoring procedure of this section to construct a display that shows any significant differences in mean aggressive behavior score among the three games. (image #1) (b) For the measure of aggressive thoughts, the three sample means were as follows. Driving Shooting Fighting Sample mean 2.81 3.41 4.07 The paper states that the mean score for the fighting game only significantly differed from the mean score for the driving game, and states that the mean score for the shooting game did not significantly differ from either the fighting or driving games. Use the underscoring procedure of this section to construct a display that shows any significant differences in mean aggressive thoughts score among the three games.

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MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

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ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

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The authors of a research article studied how video game content might influence attitudes and behavior. Male students at a large midwestern university were assigned at random to play one of three action-oriented video games. Two of the games involved some violence—one was a shooting game and one was a fighting game. The third game was a nonviolent race car driving game. After playing a game for 20 minutes, participants answered a set of questions. The responses were used to determine values of three measures of aggression: (1) a measure of aggressive behavior; (2) a measure of aggressive thoughts; and (3) a measure of aggressive feelings. The authors hypothesized that the means for the three measures of aggression would be greatest for the fighting game and lowest for the driving game.

(a) For the measure of aggressive behavior, the paper reports that the mean score for the fighting game was significantly higher than the mean scores for the shooting and driving game, but reports that the mean scores for the shooting and driving games were not significantly different. The three sample means were as follows.

	Driving	Shooting	Fighting
Sample mean	3.44	4.00	5.80

Use the underscoring procedure of this section to construct a display that shows any significant differences in mean aggressive behavior score among the three games.

(image #1)

(b) For the measure of aggressive thoughts, the three sample means were as follows.

	Driving	Shooting	Fighting
Sample mean	2.81	3.41	4.07

The paper states that the mean score for the fighting game only significantly differed from the mean score for the driving game, and states that the mean score for the shooting game did not significantly differ from either the fighting or driving games. Use the underscoring procedure of this section to construct a display that shows any significant differences in mean aggressive thoughts score among the three games.

(image #2)

Driving Shooting Fighting
3.41
Sample Mean
2.81
4.07
Driving Shooting Fighting
Sample Mean
2.81
3.41
4.07
Driving Shooting
2.81
Fighting
Sample Mean
3.41
4.07
Driving
Shooting Fighting
3.41
Sample Mean
2.81
4.07

Driving Shooting Fighting
4.00
Sample Mean
3.44
5.80
Driving Shooting
4.00
Fighting
Sample Mean
3.44
5.80
Driving Shooting Fighting
5.80
Sample Mean
3.44
4.00
Driving
3.44
Shooting
4.00
Fighting
5.80
Sample Mean

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

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