Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 10, Problem 11CTQ
Today, it is possible for a diabetic patient to purchase human insulin from a pharmacist. What technology makes this possible and why is it a benefit over how things used to be?
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic engineering to produce human insulin.
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Which two statements below accurately describe the roles of insulin and
glucagon in maintaining metabolic homeostasis?
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insulin inhibits glucose uptake in the brain
insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle cells
insulin stimulates glucose release from liver cells
Oglucagon stimulates glucose release from muscle cells
glucagon increases blood glucose levels in between meals
glucagon stimulates glucose uptake in liver cells
Chapter 10 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
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- How can we make an implantable, glucose-sensitive microvalve to control insulin delivery for diabetic patients?arrow_forwardMany functions in the body are controlled by hormones – chemical signals that are secreted by one organ or tissue, but have effects in multiple areas. Calcium can enter the body from what we eat and drink. It circulates through blood and is used by many organs, so it’s level is carefully regulated. The amount of calcium in the blood is maintained at a relatively constant level by two hormones; for our purposes, we’ll just call them hormone A and hormone B. Hormone A is secreted by the parathyroid gland and it functions to increase blood calcium levels. Hormone B is secreted by parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland and it functions to decrease blood calcium levels. Calvin, a teenage boy, begins eating ChocoRite™ Calcium Bites, a very tasty calcium supplement. He likes them so much that he ends up eating a whole package one afternoon. 1.Where does hormone B come from? A)From the calcium regulatory cells B)From the parathyroid gland C)From calcium supplements,…arrow_forwardThe graph shows the blood-glucose levels and insulin levels of an individual. Blood-glucose levels are controlled by a feedback loop that involves the hormone insulin. Which of the following statements best explains the role of insulin in this feedback loop? Insulin controls the blood-glucose level in a positive feedback loop. As the level of blood glucose rises above a normal set point, the level of insulin increases to raise the blood-glucose level even higher. Insulin controls the blood-glucose level in a negative feedback loop. As the level of blood glucose rises above a normal set point, the level of insulin increases to raise the blood-glucose level even higher. Insulin controls the blood-glucose level in a positive feedback loop. As the level of blood glucose rises above a normal set point, the level of insulin increases to lower blood-glucose back to the normal level. Insulin controls the blood-glucose level in a negative feedback loop. As the level of blood glucose…arrow_forward
- The image below shows how the human body and the endocrine system controls the level of blood sugar. a) Explain how the cells communicate with one another.arrow_forwardThe World Health Organization now states that diabetes is the most prevalent disease in the world. Discuss ways diabetes can be treated and prevented.arrow_forwardA woman affected by type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes miscalculates and injects herself with too much insulin. She soon begins to feel confused and sluggish. She calls for medical assistance and injects herself with the glucagon her doctor prescribed for such an emergency. When an ambulance arrives, she is given dextrose (a sugar) intravenously. How did the excess insulin cause her symptoms? How did the glucagon injection and the intravenous sugar help reverse them?arrow_forward
- I need to see a line graph for the following data and which (if any) of the individuals (A or B) has diabetes? Also, if the time period was extended to six hours, what would the expected glucose level for Person B be?arrow_forwardJanice is requesting an opportunity to regain control of her diabetes through lifestyle changes rather than initiating insulin therapy. How can she increase her likelihood of success using technology?arrow_forwardDerrick is a diabetic patient who lives with his daughter, who also has diabetes and wonders why they do not take the same dose of insulin. What would be your response?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about insulin is not true? a. The insulin receptor has tyrosine kinase activity. b. Insulin increases fat synthesis in adipose cells. c. Insulin increases glycogen synthesis d. Insulin increases gluconeogenesis reactions.arrow_forwardA doctor has three patients who he suspects may be diabetic. On two occasions, each patient was administered a sugar test (i.e., was asked to consume a very sugary beverage) and their blood sugar levels were monitored for 120 minutes according to the graphs shown below. a) Which of the three patients does not have diabetes? How do you know? b) Which of the three patients has Type I diabetes? How do you know? c) Which of the three patients has Type II diabetes? How do you know?arrow_forwardWith what does the duration of action of insulin preparations (short-, intermediate-, and long-acting) vary? Multiple Choice The type of insulin The buffer used The amount of protein (protamine) present All of the abovearrow_forward
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