Chapter 10, Problem 10A.8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear reaction for the positron emission by germanium-66 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Positron emission reaction:

Positron emission ${\text{β}}^{\text{+}}$ is a sub type of radioactive decay called beta decay in which a positron inside a radionucleus is converted into a neutron while releasing a positron and an electroneutrino.  Positron emission is mediated by the weak force.

  ${}_{\text{z}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}{\stackrel{}{\to }}_{\text{z-1}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}{\text{+}}_{\text{+1}}{\text{e}}^{\text{0}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear reaction for the electron capture reaction by Iridium-190 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Electrons capture reaction:

Electron capture is one process that unstable atoms can use to become more stable during electron capture an electron in an atoms inner shell is drawn into the nucleus where it combines with a proton forming a neutron.  The neutrino is ejected from the atoms nucleus.  Since an atom loses a proton during electron capture it changes from one element to another.

  ${}_{\text{z}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}{\text{+}}_{\text{-1}}{\text{e}}^{\text{0}}{\stackrel{}{\to }}_{\text{z-1}}{\text{X}}^{\text{A}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear reaction for the electron capture by iodine-124 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear reaction for the electron capture reaction by Niobium-92 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (b).