
Concept explainers
Interpretation: The amount of reagents required and range of osmotic pressure has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction: The mass of the compound is calculated by taking the products of molar mass of the compound to the given mass. The mass of compound can be given by,
Colligative properties of a substance include the depression in the freezing point, elevation of boiling-point and osmotic pressure. These are dependant only on the number present and not based on the solute particles present in an ideal solution.
The osmotic pressure can be given by the equation,

Answer to Problem 108AE
The range of osmotic pressure is
Explanation of Solution
Record the given info
Mass of Sodium =
Mass of Potassium =
Mass of Calcium =
Mass of Chlorine =
Mass of Lactate =
To calculate the mass of individual elements
Molar mass of Sodium lactate =
Molar mass of Lactate =
Molar mass of
Molecular mass of Calcium =
Molar mass of
Molecular weight of Potassium =
Molar mass of
Molecular mass of Sodium=
The average values for each ion are,
The source of Lactate is
Mass of Lactate =
The source of
Mass of
The source of
Mass of
Mass of
Additional amount of Sodium
Mass of Sodium added =
Mass of
Total
Therefore,
Record the given info
Mass of Sodium =
Mass of Potassium =
Mass of Calcium =
Mass of Chlorine =
Mass of Lactate =
To calculate the minimum and maximum concentrations of ions
Molar mass of Lactate =
Molecular mass of Calcium =
Molecular weight of Potassium =
Molecular mass of Sodium=
At minimum concentration,
Molarity of Sodium =
Molarity of Potassium =
Molarity of Lactate =
Molarity of Calcium =
Molarity of Chlorine =
The total concentration =
=
At maximum concentration,
Molarity of Sodium =
Molarity of Potassium =
Molarity of Lactate =
Molarity of Calcium =
Molarity of Chlorine =
The total concentration=
=
The total concentration of ions for minimum and maximum concentration is calculated by using the summing the molarities of individual ions. The molarities of individual ions are calculated using the minimum and maximum moles to their molecular masses. The total concentrations at minimum and maximum concentrations are
To calculate the osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentration
At minimum concentration,
At maximum concentration,
At minimum concentration, osmotic pressure=
At maximum concentration, osmotic pressure=
The mass of individual elements was calculated using their respective molar mass and molecular weight and the given weight. A typical analytical balance can nearly measure to
The osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentrations was calculated using the molarities at minimum and maximum concentration. The osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentrations were
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- Using wedge-and-dash bonds, modify the bonds on the chiral carbon in the molecule below so the molecule has R stereochemical configuration. NH H Br X टेarrow_forwardProvide photos of models of the following molecules. (Include a key for identification of the atoms) 1,2-dichloropropane 2,3,3-trimethylhexane 2-bromo-3-methybutanearrow_forwardPlease draw the structure in the box that is consistent with all the spectral data and alphabetically label all of the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. The integrations are computer generated and approximate the number of equivalent protons. Molecular formula: C13H1802 14 13 12 11 10 11 (ppm) Structure with assigned H peaks 2.08 3.13arrow_forward
- A 0.10 M solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5) is titrated with a 0.0250 M solution of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). If 10.0 mL of the acid solution is titrated with 10.0 mL of the base solution, what is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forwardFirefly luciferin exhibits three rings. Identify which of the rings are aromatic. Identify which lone pairs are involved in establishing aromaticity. The lone pairs are labeled A-D below.arrow_forwardA 0.10 M solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5) is titrated with a 0.0250 M solution of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). If 10.0 mL of the acid solution is titrated with 10.0 mL of the base solution, what is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forward
- Given a complex reaction with rate equation v = k1[A] + k2[A]2, what is the overall reaction order?arrow_forwardPlease draw the structure in the box that is consistent with all the spectral data and alphabetically label all of the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. The integrations are computer generated and approximate the number of equivalent protons. Molecular formula: C13H1802 14 13 12 11 10 11 (ppm) Structure with assigned H peaks 2.08 3.13arrow_forwardCHEMICAL KINETICS. One of the approximation methods for solving the rate equation is the steady-state approximation method. Explain what it consists of.arrow_forward
- CHEMICAL KINETICS. One of the approximation methods for solving the rate equation is the limiting or determining step approximation method. Explain what it consists of.arrow_forwardCHEMICAL KINETICS. Indicate the approximation methods for solving the rate equation.arrow_forwardTRANSMITTANCE เบบ Please identify the one structure below that is consistent with the 'H NMR and IR spectra shown and draw its complete structure in the box below with the protons alphabetically labeled as shown in the NMR spectrum and label the IR bands, including sp³C-H and sp2C-H stretch, indicated by the arrows. D 4000 OH LOH H₂C CH3 OH H₂C OCH3 CH3 OH 3000 2000 1500 HAVENUMBERI-11 1000 LOCH3 Draw your structure below and label its equivalent protons according to the peak labeling that is used in the NMR spectrum in order to assign the peaks. Integrals indicate number of equivalent protons. Splitting patterns are: s=singlet, d=doublet, m-multiplet 8 3Hb s m 1Hd s 3Hf m 2Hcd 2Had 1He 鄙视 m 7 7 6 5 4 3 22 500 T 1 0arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning





