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(a)
Interpretation:
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for given buffers should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
pH: pH is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration of H3O+ in a solution. The pH of a solution is a measure of concentration of hydrogen ion in a solution. Lower pH due to more hydrogen ions and higher pH due to less concentration of hydrogen ions.
pH = pKa + log[conjugate base][acid] is Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pKa = pH + log [HA][A-]
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation explains the relationship between pH of solution and pKa of acid. For a dissociation of acid (HA) in aqueous solution,
HA + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + A−
pKa = pH + log[HA][A−]
During a dissociation of acid in aqueous solution,
- If pH = pKa, the concentration of compound in its acidic and basic form is equal.
- If pH < pKa, the compound exist in its acidic form.
- If pH > pKa, the compound exist in its basic form.
Buffer solutions: Buffer solution is defined as a solution that oppose changes in pH while adding little amount of either an acid or a base. Buffer solution is a combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
Weak Acids: Acids that do not easily dissociate into ions completely which has difficulty in proton donation are considered as weak acids. Weak acid forms stronger conjugated base
Weak Base: Bases that has little affinity towards protons. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
(b)
Interpretation:
The equation for reaction between given buffer with NaOH and HNO3 should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
pH: pH is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration of H3O+ in a solution. The pH of a solution is a measure of concentration of hydrogen ion in a solution. Lower pH due to more hydrogen ions and higher pH due to less concentration of hydrogen ions.
pH = pKa + log[conjugate base][acid] is Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pKa = pH + log [HA][A-]
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation explains the relationship between pH of solution and pKa of acid. For a dissociation of acid (HA) in aqueous solution,
HA + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + A−
pKa = pH + log[HA][A−]
During a dissociation of acid in aqueous solution,
- If pH = pKa, the concentration of compound in its acidic and basic form is equal.
- If pH < pKa, the compound exist in its acidic form.
- If pH > pKa, the compound exist in its basic form.
Buffer solutions: Buffer solution is defined as a solution that oppose changes in pH while adding little amount of either an acid or a base. Buffer solution is a combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
Weak Acids: Acids that do not easily dissociate into ions completely which has difficulty in proton donation are considered as weak acids. Weak acid forms stronger conjugated base
Weak Base: Bases that has little affinity towards protons. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
FUND.OF GEN CHEM CHAP 1-13 W/ACCESS
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